Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism

J. Forster, I. Famili, P. Fu, B. O. Palsson, and J. Nielsen. Genome-scale reconstruction of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic network. Genome Res., 13 244-253,2003. 

Hazelwood, L.A., Daran, J.-M., van Maris, A.J.A., Pronk, J.T., and Dickinson, J.R. (2008) The Ehrlich pathway for fusel alcohol production a century of research on Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 74, 2259-2266. 

FIGURE 6.3 Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-propiorac acid by the malonyl-CoA pathway in recombinant Sacchatxmyces cerevisiae. NADP and NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Modified from Chen, Y., Boo, /., Kim, I., Siewers, V., Nielsen, /., 2014. Coupled incremental precursor and co-factor supply improves 3-hydroxypropionic acid production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metabolic Engineering 22,104-109. 

Famili I, Forster J, Nielsen J, Palsson BO. Saccharomyces cerevisiae phenotypes can be predicted by using constraint-based analysis of a genome-scale reconstructed metabolic network. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003 100 13134-9. 

Dickinson J.R., Dawes I.W., Boyd A.S.F. Baxter R.L. (1983) C NMR studies of acetate metabolism during spomlation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA, 80, 5847-5851. 

From a genetical point of view, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an ideal organism which may be considered the Escherichia coli of eukaryotic cells [4,5]. This is true in particular for the study of metabolic regulation and for that of membrane transport [6]. Finally, the astonishing resemblance between many yeast proteins and certain mammalian-cell proteins has seriously broadened the scope of interest. Although a few reports have appeared on amino acid transport in some other yeasts, most investigations in this field have used strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 

Feedback inhibition of amino acid transporters by amino acids synthesized by the cells might be responsible for the well known fact that blocking protein synthesis by cycloheximide in Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibits the uptake of most amino acids [56]. Indeed, under these conditions, endogenous amino acids continue to accumulate. This situation, which precludes studying amino acid transport in yeast in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis, is very different from that observed in bacteria, where amino acid uptake is commonly measured in the presence of chloramphenicol in order to isolate the uptake process from further metabolism of accumulated substances. In yeast, when nitrogen starvation rather than cycloheximide is used to block protein synthesis, this leads to very high uptake activity. This fact supports the feedback inhibition interpretation of the observed cycloheximide effect. 

Nicotinate and pyridine nucleotide metabolism in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Unkefer and London 1984)... 

A cytochrome P450 has been purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that has benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity (King et al. 1984), and metabolizes benzo[fl]pyrene to 3- and 9-hydroxybenzo[fl]pyrene and benzo[fl]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol (Wiseman and Woods 1979). The transformation of PAHs by Candida Upolytica produced predominantly monohydroxyl-ated products naphth-l-ol from naphthalene, 4-hydroxybiphenyl from biphenyl and 3- and 9-hydroxybenzo[fl]pyrene from benzo[fl]pyrene (Cerniglia and Crow 1981). The transformation of phenanthrene was demonstrated in a number of yeasts isolated from littoral sediments and of these, Trichosporumpenicillatum was the most active. In contrast, biotransformation of benz[fl]anthracene by Candida krusei and Rhodotorula minuta was much slower (MacGillivray and Shiaris 1993). 

Because most natural carotenoids are present at very low abundance and are difficult to purify, metabolic engineering provides a powerful alternative, and various carotenoids, such as lycopene, /3-carotene, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin, torulene, neurosporaxanthin, and astaxanthin, have been successfully synthesized in non-carotenogenic microbes, such as E. coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Neurospora crassa. This research is summarized in several of reviews [65,108,110]. 

Mutka, S.C., Bondi, S.M., Carney, J.R. et al. (2006) Metabolic pathway engineering for complex polyketide biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Research, 6, 4047. 

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an extremely attractive eukaryotic model system for the study of genes involved in iron metabolism. This is because of its short generation time, the ease with which relatively large amounts of... 

Brusick and Matheson (1976) reported that 1,1-dimethylhydrazine failed to increase reversions in Salmonella typhimurium or Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene mutation assays with or without metabolic activation. A concentration-related response was observed in the mouse lymphoma assay (with activation). Dominant lethal tests were negative. 

D. Visser, R. van der Heijden, K. Mauch, M. Reuss, and S. Heijnen, Tendency modeling A new approach to obtain simplified kinetic models of metabolism applied to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab. Eng. 2(3), 252 275 (2000). 

J. L. Galazzo and J. E. Bailey, Fermentation pathway kinetics and metabolic flux control in suspended and immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 12(3), 162 172 (1990). 

M. Rizzi, M. Baltes, U. Theobald, and M. Reuss, In vivo analysis of metabolic dynamics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae-. II. Mathematical model. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 55, 592 608 (1997). 

Schilke B, Voisine C, Beinert H, Craig E. 1999. Evidence for a conserved system for iron metabolism in the mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96 10206-11. 

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