Ruthenium -, perchlorate

By monitoring the intensity of the carbonyl absorption it was observed that oxidation of methyl 4,6-0-benzylidene-2-deoxy-a-D-Zt/ ro-hexopyrano-side with chromium trioxide-pyridine at room temperature gave initially the hexopyranosid-3-ulose (2) in low concentration, but attempts to increase this yield resulted in elimination of methanol to give compound 3. However, when methyl 4,6-0-benzylidene-2-deoxy-a-D-Zt/ ro-hexo-pyranoside is oxidized by ruthenium tetroxide in either carbon tetrachloride or methylene dichloride it affords compound 2 without concomitant elimination. When compound 2 was heated for 30 minutes in pyridine which was 0.1 M in either perchloric acid or hydrochloric acid it afforded compound 3, but in pyridine alone it was recoverable unchanged (2). Another example of this type of elimination, leading to the introduction of unsaturation into a glycopyranoid ring, was observed... 

Z 1 Niobium 1 Nitrate 1 Osmium 73 a. I Perchlorate Phenols u a o Platinum o 0. 1 5 u 1 Rhodium 1 Rubidium Ruthenium Scandium 1 Selenium Silver I Sodium 1 Strontium 1 Sulphate Sulphides, organic Sulphur dioxide 1 Tantalum 1 Tellurium 1 Thallium Thorium e H 1 Titanium a u ab a 1- I Uranium 1 Vanadium 1 Yttrium 1 Zinc Zirconium... 

Nitrosyl perchlorate Organic materials Perchloric acid Alcohols Permanganic acid Organic materials Peroxodisulfuric acid Organic liquids Potassium dioxide Ethanol Potassium perchlorate Ethanol Potassium permanganate Ethanol, etc. Ruthenium(VIII) oxide Organic materials Silver perchlorate Aromatic compounds Sodium peroxide Hydroxy compounds Uranium hexafluoride Aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. Uranyl perchlorate Ethanol See v-halomides Alcohols... 

Table 1. Common materials used in quenched-fluorescence oxygen sensing (Ru(dpp)3(C104)2 tris(diphenylphenantroline) ruthenium(II) perchlorate PtOEPK platinum(II)-octaethyl-porphine-ketone PtPFPP platinum(II)-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphine PS.poly(styrene), PSu poly(sulfone) PSB poly(styrene-butadiene) block co-polymer PVC polyvinylchloride) APET amorphous poly(ethyleneterephthalate) PE poly(ethylene).

Trihydrazinecobalt(II) nitrate, 4205 Trihydrazinenickel(II) nitrate, 4592 Tris(2,2/-bipyridine)chromium(II) perchlorate, 3874 Tris(2,2/-bipyridine)silver(II) perchlorate, 3873 Tris(2,3-diaminobutane)nickel(II) nitrate, 3589 Tris(l,2-diaminoethane)chromium(III) perchlorate, 2619 Tris(l,2-diaminoethane)cobalt(III) nitrate, 2622 Tris(l,2-diaminoethane)ruthenium(III) perchlorate, 2621 Tris(4-methoxy-2,2/bipyridine)ruthenium(II) perchlorate, 3886 Tris(3-methylpyrazole)zinc sulfate, 3540 Tris(l,10-phenanthroline)cobalt(III) perchlorate, 3890 Tris(l,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) perchlorate, 3889... 

Palladium(II) oxide, 4825 Palladium(IV) oxide, 4835 Perchloric acid, 3998 Periodic acid, 4425 Permanganic acid, 4434 Peroxodisulfuric acid, 4482 Peroxodisulfuryl difluoride, 4328 Peroxomonosulfuric acid, 4481 Peroxytrifluoroacetic acid, 0666 Platinum hexafluoride, 4371 Platinum(IV) oxide, 4836 Plutonium hexafluoride, 4372 Potassium bromate, 0255 Potassium chlorate, 4017 Potassium dichromate, 4248 Potassium iodate, 4619 Potassium nitrate, 4650 Potassium nitrite, 4649 Potassium perchlorate, 4018 Potassium periodate, 4620 Potassium permanganate, 4647 Rhenium hexafluoride, 4373 Rubidium fluoroxysulfate, 4309 Ruthenium(VIII) oxide, 4862 Selenium dioxide, 4838 Selenium dioxide, 4838 Silver permanganate, 0021 Sodium chlorate, 4039 Sodium chlorite, 4038 Sodium dichromate, 4250 Sodium iodate, 4624 Sodium nitrate, 4721 Sodium nitrite, 4720... 

DR. EARLEY We had expected to find ruthenium(III) dimers as products of the reaction of Ru(Il) with perchlorate ion but we found none. We had expected ruthenium(II) to go to ruthen-ium(IV) and the Ru(IV) to react with a second Ru(II) to form a dimer, but this did not occur. 

Partial separation of technetium and rhenium is possible by distillation from perchloric acid since the first fraction is enriched by technetium. However, ruthenium is oxidized by perchloric acid to RuO and volatilized together with technetium. 

The electrochemical oxidation of [ (bpy)2(NH3)Ru 2(/i-0)] releases N2. Oxidation of the ruthenium species initially gives [ (bpy)2(NH3)Ru 2(/i-0)] followed by irreversible five-electron oxidation and H+ loss. The Ru ° complexes [ (bpy)2LRu 2(/i-0)(p-02CMe)2] have been prepared as perchlorate salts for L = im, 1 - and 4-Meim. Structural data for L = 1 -Meim confirm a trans arrangement of imidazole and 0x0 ligands. The complexes exhibit reversible one-electron oxidation and reduction processes. The interaction of [ (bpy)2(H20)Ru 2(/u-0)] " with DNA results in reductive cleavage of the complex to form [Ru(bpy)2(H20)2] and the rate of reaction increases in the presence... 

NgC 1 iH 12, Bis(pyrazol-1 -y 1)(N-methylimidazol-2-yl)methane, (pz)2(mim)CH, 34 33 N6CI2RUC72H48, Ruthenium(II), tris(4,7-diphe-nyl-l,10-phenantroline)-, chloride, 34 66 N6ClgNd405gCigH66, Neodymium(lll), tetrakis-( 3-hydroxo) hexaalaninedecaaquatetra-, perchlorate, 34 184... 

The vanadium(V) oxidation of the sulfide PhCH=CHSPh has been studied in aqueous acetic acid containing perchloric acid. The reaction is first order in vanadiiun(V) and fractional order in sulfide. An intermediate complex of vanadium and the sulfide forms and its decomposition is the slow step of the reaction.181 Two Indian groups have reported on the use of ruthenium(VI) and ruthenium(III).182 183 The kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of diethylene glycol by aqueous alkaline potassium bromate in the presence of Ru(VI)182 and the Ru(III)-catalysed oxidation of aliphatic alcohols by trichloroisocyanuric acid183 have been examined. 

Large cations have a powerful effect on neuromuscular transmission, resulting from acetylcholine esterase inhibition and curariform activity. Examples are quaternary nitrogen, phosphorus and arsenic bases and chelate species such as the tris-(2,2 -bipyridine)iron(II) cation when it is injected intravenously. Bis(2,2, 2"-terpyri-dine)ruthenium(Il) perchlorate has about one tenth of the activity of curare182). 

The oxidation of benzoin with cerium(IV) in perchloric acid solution is proposed to involve an interaction between Ce4+(aq.) ions and the keto alcohol, resulting in the formation of free radicals. The final product is benzoic acid.66 The rate of oxidation of crotyl alcohol with cerium(IV) is independent of the concentration of Ce(IV). The reaction induced polymerization of acrylonitrile indicating the formation of free radicals. The kinetics and activation parameters for the reaction have been determined.67 For the Ir(III)-catalysed oxidation of methyl ketones68 and cyclic ketones69 with Ce(IV) perchlorate, successive formation of complex between the reductant and Ce(IV) and then with the catalyst has been proposed. Results showed that in acidic solutions, iridium(III) is a more efficient catalyst than osmium and ruthenium compounds. 

---