Root essential oil

Licorice root Essential oils rich in thujone... 

Atractylis chinensis DC A. lancea Thunb. A. lyrata Sieb. et Zucc. A. ovata Thunb. Zhang Shu (root) Essential oils, atractylone, hinesol, atractylodine, atractylol, beta-eudesmol, diacetyl-atractylodiol33 This herb is toxic. Lower blood sugar, sedative. 

Atractylodes lancea Bunge. Cang Zhu (root) Essential oils, atractylon, atractylol.49 As aromatic tonic in chronic gastroenteritis. 

Conioselinum univittatum Turcz. Gong Chong (root) Essential oil.49 Emmenagogue, sedative. 

Dipsacus asper Wall. Xu Duan (Teazel) (root) Essential oil, alkaloid lamine.50 Increase the leukocyte count, prevent spontaneous abortion. 

Ledebouriella divaricata Hiroe. Fang Feng (root) Essential oils, alcohol derivatives, organic acids.33 Antipyretic, analgesic, antibacterial, treat migraine headache, common cold and rheumatoid arthritis. 

Nardostachys jatamansi DC Ga Song Xiang (Spikenard) (root) Essential oil, jatamansic acid, sesquiterpene.49-80 Aromatic stomachic, sedative, antispasmodic. 

Nothosmyrnium japonicum Miq. Hao Mu (root) Essential oil, nothosmymol, dimethoxyallylbenzene.49 Cerebral sedative, analgesic, antispasmodic. 

Oplopanax elatus (Nakai) Nakai Ci Seng (stem, root) Essential oil, echinopanacene, n-caprylaldehyde, echinopanacol, oplopanaxosides, flavonoids.48-50-72-354 A remedy and tonic for progressive emaciation. 

Patrinia heterophylla Juss. Mu Tou Hui (root) Essential oils 48 Stimulate circulation, eliminate blood stasis in cancers of the blood and cervix. 

The root essential oil contains (on average) a-pinene (1.0%), p-cymene (0.3%), /f-lenchyl-acetate (1.0%), trans-anethole (1.6%), eugenol (0.2%), myristicin (3%) and dillapiole (87%). On the other hand, the root and bulbous stem base of Florence fennel contains less than 1% of dillapiole but 70% of trans-anethole, giving a very different taste. The herbage contains 1.00—2.55% essential oil, up to 75% of which is trans-anethole. Anethole and fenchone... 

The dermal LD50 for angelica root essential oil in rabbits could not be determined at doses up to 5 g/kg (Opdyke 1975). 

Jovanovic, 0., N. Radulovits, R. Palic, and B. Zlatkovic. 2010. Root essential oil of Achillea lingulata Waldst. Kit. (Asteraceae). 22 336-339. 

E. pallida root essential oil (0.2-2.0%) contains a series of ketoalkynes and ketoalkenes, including tetradeca-8Z-en-11,13-diyn-2-one pentadeca-8Z-en,l l,13-diyn-2-one pentade-ca-8Z,13Z-dien-1 l-yn-2-one pentadeca-8Z, 1 lZ,13i -trien-2-one pentadeca-8Z,l 1 ,13Z-trien-2-one pentadeca-8Z,l lZ-dien-2-one pentadeca-8Z-en-2-one and heptadeca-8Z,... 

Essentia.1 Oils. Essential oils (qv) are extracted from the flower, leaf, bark, fmit peel, or root of a plant to produce flavors such as mint, lemon, orange, clove, cinnamon, and ginger. These volatile oils are removed from plants either via steam distillation, or using the cold press method, which avoids heat degradation. Additional processing is sometimes employed to remove the unwanted elements from the oils, such as the terpenes in citms oils which are vulnerable to oxidation (49,50). 

Essential oils are isolated from various plant parts, such as leaves (patchouH), fmit (mandarin), bark (cinnamon), root (ginger), grass (citroneUa), wood (amyris), heartwood (cedar), gum (myrrh oil), balsam (tolu balsam oil), berries (pimento), seeds (diU), flowers (rose), twigs and leaves (thuja oil), and buds (cloves). 

Sandalwood Oil, East Indian. The use of sandalwood oil for its perfumery value is ancient, probably extending back some 4000 years. Oil from the powdered wood and roots of the tree Santalum album L. is produced primarily in India, under government control. Good quaUty oil is a pale yellow to yellow viscous Hquid characterized by an extremely soft, sweet—woody, almost ariimal—balsarnic odor. The extreme tenacity of the aroma makes it an ideal blender—fixative for woody-Oriental—floral fragrance bases. It also finds extensive use for the codistillation of other essential oils, such as rose, especially in India. There the so-called attars are made with sandalwood oil distilled over the flowers or by distillation of these flowers into sandalwood oil. The principal constituents of sandalwood oil are shown in Table 11 (37) and Figure 2. 

Turpentine Oil. The world s largest-volume essential oil, turpentine [8006-64-2] is produced ia many parts of the world. Various species of piaes and balsamiferous woods are used, and several different methods are appHed to obtain the oils. Types of turpentines include dry-distiUed wood turpentine from dry distillation of the chopped woods and roots of pines steam-distilled wood turpentine which is steam-distilled from pine wood or from solvent extracts of the wood and sulfate turpentine, which is a by-product of the production of sulfate ceUulose. From a perfumery standpoint, steam-distilled wood turpentine is the only important turpentine oil. It is rectified to yield pine oil, yellow or white as well as wood spirits of turpentine. Steam-distilled turpentine oil is a water-white mobile Hquid with a refreshing warm-balsamic odor. American turpentine oil contains 25—35% P-pinene (22) and about 50% a-pinene (44). European and East Indian turpentines are rich in a-pinene (44) withHtfle P-pinene (22), and thus are exceUent raw materials... 

By the thirteenth century AD, essential oils were being produced along with medicinal and herbal preparations in pharmacies. Around this time improvements in distillation techniques were made, in particular the development of the alembic apparatus, which would eventually estabUsh the quaUty of such matenals. As a result, many of the essential oils in use today are denved from those produced in the sixteenth and seventeenth centunes in terms of odor character, even though production methods have continued to evolve. The current practice of aroma therapy is an indication of this common root of medicinal and fragrance chemistry. 

Essential Oils. Essential oils are produced by distillation of flowers, leaves, stems, wood, herbs, roots, etc. Distillations can be done directly or with steam. The technique used depends mosdy on the desired constituents of the starting material. Particular care must be taken in such operations so that undesired odors are not introduced as a result of pyrolytic reactions. This is a unique aspect of distillation processing in the flavor and fragrance industry. In some cases, essential oils are obtained by direct expression of certain fmits, particular of the citms family. These materials maybe used as such or as distillation fractions from them (see Oils, essential). 

Essential Oils. Volatile oils from plants are referred to as essential oils. The oils can be obtained through steam distillation, solvent extraction, or separation of the oils from pressed fmit. They consist of oxygenated compounds, terpenes, and sesquiterpenes. The primary flavor components of essential oils are oxygenated compounds. Terpenes contain some flavors but are often removed from the essential oil because they are easily oxidized (causiag off-flavors or odors) and are iasoluble. Essential oils are prepared from fmits, herbs, roots, and spices. 

RESEARCH OF LIGNANS AND ESSENTIAL OILS FROM THE ROOT ARCTIUM LAPPA L. 

The roots contain essential oil with mono- and sesquiterpenes (valcrcnic acids). 

The oil probably contains camphor. The leaves, roots, and sulks of A/rn.-i yield essential oils, vvhich have been e lovviDg characters —... 

September, 1904, long before flowering time. The roots did not contain any essential oil. The leaves contained considerably more than the stems—about eleven times as much. 

July, 1905, commencement of flowering. The roots were now found to be richer in essential oil than the stetns. In all the organs the proportion had increased, and in the leaves it had doubled. 

August, 1905, flowering advanced. The accumulation of essential oil in the roots was still more marked. (This fact does not appear to hold good for any annual plants Artemisia is a perennial. 

September, 1905, the flowering completed. The percentage of essential oil in the roots has increased still further a slight increase has taken place in the stems no alteration is noticed in the leaves, and a diminution has taken place in the inflorescence. 

The chemistry of fenchyl alcohol, Cj HjgO, must be regarded as in a somewhat unsettled state, as questions of isomerism arise which are as yet unsolved. It was ori nally prepared by Wallach by reducing the ketone fenchone, a natural constituent of several essential oils, by means of sodium. Later he obtained it in fairly large quantities as a byproduct in the preparation of fenchone-carboxylic acid, by passing a current of C(X through an ethereal solution of fenchone in the presence of sodium. Fenchyl alcohol has, so far, been found in one essential oil only, namely, that of the root wood of Pinus palustris. 

Two glucosides have been separated from the roots of Primula officinalis by Goris, Mascr6, and Vischniac, which have been termed primeverin and primulaverin, and which are both hydrolysed, yielding the two constituents of the essential oil. 

This phenolic compound, CjjHjgOj, exists in the essential oil of Ev torium triplinerve, and in arnica root oil. It is an oil having the following characters —... 

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