Rodents attractants

The proposed neurogenesis-memory clearance hypothesis is attractive because addition and removal of adult-born neurons in local network architecture could gradually destabilize the stored memory traces. Also, adult-generated neurons within the dentate gyrus, the upstream location in the hippocampus, potentially can amplify the destabilization effects. Coincidently, these newborn neurons are short-lived, typically with a life-span of three weeks in rodents [40], which seems to correlate well with the duration of hippocampal dependence of declarative memories. 

In general, rodents that have been exposed to an artificial odor during early life show an increased attraction to stimulus animals scented with that odor as adults. Increased odor preference following early exposure has been observed in female mice (Mainardi, Marsan and Pasquali 1965) and male rats (Marr and Gardner 1965). In some cases, this odor preference translates into increases in mating efficiency with females of the familiar scent. Specifically, male rats reared with citral-scented dams ejaculate faster when mating with citral-scented females compared to normal-scented females (Fillion and Blass 1986). 

Taken together, this body of work demonstrates that adult behavioral responses to social odors are shaped by early olfactory experience. Indeed, heterospecific or artificial odor cues associated with the rearing environment acquire attractive properties that can last into adulthood in many rodent species. Furthermore, early experience with opposite-sex odors appears to be critical for the normal development of appropriate behavioral responses to sexual odors in mice and hamsters. Importantly, the behavioral plasticity observed using these different experimental approaches may all be mediated by a classical conditioning model of olfactory learning. The experience-dependent development of odor preference in rodents therefore provides a powerful model for understanding how the olfactory system recognizes and learns the salience of social odors, a function that is critical for the appropriate expression of reproductive behavior. 

Overall preparation for any terrorist attack is the same as you d take for a big storm. If you want a gas mask, fine, go get one. I know this stuff and I m not getting one and I told my Mom not to bother with one, either (how s that for confidence). We have a week s worth of cash, several days worth of canned goods and plenty of soap and water. We don t leave stuff out to attract bugs or rodents so we don t have them. 

Wood mice, A. sylvaticus, and bank voles, Clethrionomysglareolus, differ in their responses to soiled traps. While both species are attracted to conspecific odor, wood mice preferred odor of the opposite sex, while bank voles did not, and wood mice avoided bank vole odor. This study suggests caution when using live-trapping for population censuses of rodents (Tew etal, 1994). 

A novel odor for attracting rats or mice to bait is carbon disulfide. It is found in the breath of rats, serves in communication about food, attracts rodents to bait, and increases bait consumption (Bean etal, 1988). Use of carbon disulfide and carbonyl sulfide in baits attracts mice and rats and prevents bait shyness from... 

We initiated a literature search to determine the kinds of functional groups that attract rodents. The object of the search was to try to define the aromatic substituents on ring "A" that have been shown to have attractant properties. This effort met with no success. Much has been published on the types of feed grains and mixtures thereof that are preferred by rodents but little on the types of chemicals. 

In addition to mating-disruption pheromones, there are a number of naturally occurring, nonpheromonal attractants and repellents. Many are typically used as food additives or in cosmetics or perfumes, and are derived from diverse plant and animal sources. Capsaicin [44], the spicy component of chili peppers, is used in several bird, deer, and rodent repellents. Maple lactone [45], a common food additive and flavoring, is used in traps to attract cockroaches with its stale beer odor. Methyl... 

Folklore The aroma of valerian is very attractive to cats and rodents, and it has been used as bait in traps. It is thought that valerian was the basis for the story of the Pied Piper of Hamlin ridding the city of rats (Bown, 2003 British Herbal Medicine Association, 1983 Graenwald et al, 2002 Hutchens, 1973 Shealy, 1998 Tierra, 1998). 

The literature references sodium caprate (CIO) being used as a permeation enhancer in both preclinical (Ishizawa et al. 1987) and clinical studies of Class III compounds (Lindmark et al. 1997). Permeation data from in situ rodent studies calculate tight junctions opening after CIO dosing which is consistent with the cross-sectional diameter of ASOs (Ma et al. 1992 Tsutsumi et al. 2003). The work of Raoof et al. demonstrated in the pig and dog, that the use of permeation enhancers, notably CIO, represents an attractive strategy to enhance the oral delivery of ASO molecules (Raoof et al. 2002, 2004). In Fig. 12.3 the pharmacokinetic of an orally administered ASO utilizing sodium caprate as permeation enhancer is illustrated. 

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