Memory traces

Synaptic re-entry reinforcement (SRR) is a candidate cellular process for consolidating and storing memory traces 869... 

Clearance of outdated memory traces in the hippocampus —a role for adult neurogenesis What happens... 

The proposed neurogenesis-memory clearance hypothesis is attractive because addition and removal of adult-born neurons in local network architecture could gradually destabilize the stored memory traces. Also, adult-generated neurons within the dentate gyrus, the upstream location in the hippocampus, potentially can amplify the destabilization effects. Coincidently, these newborn neurons are short-lived, typically with a life-span of three weeks in rodents [40], which seems to correlate well with the duration of hippocampal dependence of declarative memories. 

Feng, R. et al. Deficient neurogenesis in forebrain-specific presenilin-1 knockout mice is associated with reduced clearance of hippocampal memory traces. Neuron 32 911-926, 2001. 

In the years that followed the discovery of LTP as a candidate neural mechanism for the memory trace, innumerable studies sought to substantiate the... 

This remarkable lability of a memory trace, which permits a reorganization of an existing memory in a retrieval environment, provides a theoretical basis for both psychotherapeutic and pharmacotherapeutic intervention for traumatic stress exposure as well as other anxiety disorders. Administration of P-receptor and NMDA receptor antagonists shortly after trauma exposure or spontaneous panic attacks as well as after reactivation of memory associated with the anxiety-inducing event may reduce the strength of the original memory. 

The hippocampus is characterized by a series of glutamatergic neurons, which can create rhythms of electrical activity necessary for the generation of memory traces in the brain. The cerebellum, a region dedicated to the temporal processing of motor and cognitive in-... 

Feng, R., Rampon, C., Tang, Y.P., Shrom, D., Jin, J., Kyin, M., Sopher, B., Miller, M.W., Ware, C.B., Martin, G.M., Kim, S.H., Langdon, R.B., Sisodia, S.S., Tsien, J.Z. (2001). Deficient neurogenesis in forebrain-specific presenilin-1 knockout mice is associated with reduced clearance of hippocampal memory traces. Neuron. 32, 911-26. Erratum in ... 

Let s Talk Together Memory Traces Revealed by Cooperative Activation in the Cerebral Cortex... 

While the above simulations describe how the disease pattern vary as a function of the disease state, the following simulations show that our model can also account for kindling phenomena and autonomous progression. This needs some model extensions which were made in reference to the above-mentioned assumption of episode sensitization which are assumed to be due to residues (memory traces) of previous disease episodes. For simplicity, and because the real mechanisms are unknown, we introduced an additional, positive feedback loop which is implemented exactly in the same way as the other feedback variables [4—7, 25]. The model now also includes a dynamic disease variable Sp (Fig. 7.4a). The specialities are that it only activates when a disease episode occurs (episode sensitization) and that it has long relaxation times (memory trace). 

Is it possible to localize memory No. This is because having a memory is a psychological property of a person, or an animal, as a whole. In other words, as brains do not have memories, one cannot localize them in the brain. However, maybe one can localize those neuronal changes necessary and sufficient for a particular change in behaviour Thus, the trick is to not try to localize a psychological process ( memory ), but the substrate of its behaviour corollary (the memory trace ). 

Thus, synaptic plasticity in the mushroom bodies is sufficient (rat-rescue) and necessary (Ga ) to establish a short-term memory trace during odour-shock training. 

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