Safety robotics

But, the interior space of cylinder is bigger than cuboids in the same surface area. In case of the same quality of material, the internal space of cylindrical encloser is bigger and the intensity of encloser is higher than cuboids. And the internal stress distribution is more uniform. The flameproof encloser adopted cylindrical shape after having a comprehensive consideration for the robot safety, mobility. The flame-proof encloser is modified at the bottom to improve the robot motion performance. 

Anandan, Tanya M., The Shrinking Footprint of Robot Safety , Robotic Industries Association, October 6, 2014. Available at www.robotics.org/ content-detail.cfin content id=5059... 

Guidelines for Robot Safety, Publication 8-1.3, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 1987. Available at www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/ owadisp.show document p table=DlRECTlVES p id=1703... 

ANSI/RIA R15.06 contains provisions to be applied by both the makers and users of robots and robot systems. ANSI standards are usually updated every 5 years and this standard was up for renewal in 2004. Rather than update R15.06, the Robotic Industries Association has become a member of the committee responsible for ISO 10218 1992, the Manipulating Industrial Robots—Safety Standard. (ISO is the designation for the International Organization for Standardization. It is the world s largest nongovernmental developer of standards, working with a network of the national standards institutes of 148 countries. The United States is represented at ISO by ANSI.)... 

ISO 10218 1992. Manipulating Industrial Robots—Safety Standard. Geneva, Switzerland International Organization for Standardization, 1992. Also available at, http //www. iso.ch/iso/en/aboutiso/introduction/index.html. 

ARCHITECTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF INDUSTRIAL PR06RAIftlABI ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS (PES) WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO ROBOTIC SAFETY... 

To identify, with appropriate justification, those areas where further work was required. This involved the identification and examination of the specific areas, in the context of robotic safety, where the PES plays a role in the overall safety. Objective 4 therefore had to examine the results coming from Objectives 1, 2 and 3 and also those from Objective 5. 

Furthermore, an ISO Working Party (TC 184) was set up a year ago, which, in a sub-group is specially concerned with safety matters with industrial robots. And, not least, there is the "CEC Collaborative Project on the assessment, architecture and performance of industrial programmable electronic systems with particular reference to robotic safety". Welcome and important though these activities may be, there is also a series of further, parallel, tasks which still remain to be solved ... 

Bonney, M.C., Yong, Y.F. (editors). Robot Safety, Springer Verlag and IFS Publciations, 1985. 

As part of the CEC Collaborative Project "Assessment, Architecture, and Performance of Industrial Programmable Electronic Systems with Particular Reference to Robotics Safety", a survey and analysis of existing standards and guidelines were performed. Participants in this part of the work came from ... 

Assessment of the guidelines, obtained in 3.1 above, for their relevance in the context of robotic safety. 

The present assessment of the guidelines is based on easily identifiable criteria. A detailed assessment of the robotic safety aspects will depend heavily on the work of Objective 4, and will therefore be integrated with this work. 

The assessment described above fulfils the requirements of Objectives 3.2 and 3.3. A final conclusion regarding the relevance of each document in the context of robotics safety will result from the work of the Project s Objective 4. The work in Objective 4 is concerned with the determination of those parameters of importance to the safety of systems in general, and specifically regarding robots. Thus, the results of Objective 4 will identify such requirements which must be included in a document in order to reflect the relevance in the context of robotics safety. 

Significant gaps in the coverage of the problems were identified in the collected material. As an example, no fully developed operational quantification method was found to treat the question of software quality. The gaps in the material, in the context of robotics safety, will be identified in the final report of Objective 4 of the Project. 

This paper arose as part of the project "Assessment, Architecture, and Performance of Industrial Programmable Electronic Systems with Particular Reference to Robotics Safety . It presents the results of sub-project 4 the objectives of which were defined as follows sub-project 4 is concerned with revealing areas which will require further work in the future. Of particular interest are those areas in which programmable electronic systems play a part in overall safety. The work of sub-project 4 was to be based on those results achieved in the preceeding sub-projects. 

In the effort to achieve the stated objective not only the results of the preceding sub-projects 1, 2 and 3 were used but in addition a list of a few safety measures employed when using industrial robots was compiled and a few known and supposed problem areas concerned with robotics safety were set down along pragmatic lines. All participants in the sub-project were able to express their expert opinions on the individual subject areas on the basis of these findings. 

Two comments made in the above-mentioned chapter of the final report on the trend of development in this area are of particular importance for robotics safety. It is expected that Industrial robots will be used to an increasing degree in the future for small and medium-sized production runs and that the field of activity of the industrial robot will be ext ended with the result that the entire robot system will become more conplezx and thus more difficult to monitor. Both developments will presumably le ad to a greater interaction between man and machine. 

All this proves that there is still much to be done in the area of robotics safety. 

CEC Collaborative Project, Assessment, Architecture and Performance of Industrial Programmable Electronic Systems with particular reference to robotics safety. Final Report, 1986. 

The present paper deals with one feature of the physical environment which can be crucial for PBS safety i e the presence of conducted and radiated electromagnetic interferences (EMI). This topic is presently of growing interest 9 not only in the field of robotics safety but also in most of the applied fields of electronics. 

Woodman, R., Winfield, A.F., Harper, C., Fraser, M. Building safer robots Safety driven control. Int l J. Robotics Research 31(13), 1603-1626 (2012)... 

Keywords— fracture-reduction robot, safety, musculoskeletal model, fracture-reduction path, fracture-reduction force. 

The history of safety in the modem times may be traced back to 1868, when a patent for a barrier safeguard was awarded in the United States [1]. In 1893, the U.S. Congress passed the Railway Safety Act and, in 1912, the cooperative Safety Congress met for the first time in Milwaukee, Wisconsin [1-3]. Today, the field of safety has developed into many areas, including workplace safety, patient safety, robot safety, and software safety. 

TR R15.106-2006, Technical Report on Teaching Multiple Robots, Robotics Industries Association (RIA) —provides additional safety information relative to teaching (programming) multiple industrial robots in a common safeguarded space in an industrial setting, and supplements the ANSI/RIA R15.06-1999 robot safety standard. 

Sugimoto, N. Subjects and problems of robot safety technology. In Occupational Stfety and Health in Automation and Robotics. Edited by K. Noro. London Taylor Francis, 1987. 

Reviews occupational health, radiation safety, and emerging hazards such as nanotechnology and robotic safety... 

ANSI/RIA R15.06 2011, Robot Safety Standard (planned update in... 

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