Robotic Industries’ Association

ANSI B11. TR3-2000. Risk Assessment and Risk Reduction —A Guide to Estimate, Evaluate and Reduce Risks Associated with Machine Tools. McLean, VA AMT (Association For Manufacturing Technology), 2000. www.mfgtech.org. ANSI/RIA R15.06-1999. Safety Requirements for Industrial Robots and Robot Systems. Ann Arbor, MI Robotics Industries Association, 1999 www.robotics.org. 

A noteworthy first was achieved in the United States when approval was given in June 1999 for ANSI/RIA R15.06-1999, which is the American National Standard for Industrial Robots and Robot Systems—Safety Requirements. The Robotic Industries Association is the Secretariat for the Standard. 

National Tooling and Machining Association Association of Manufacturing Technologies National Electrical Manufacturers Association Semiconductor Industry Association National Association of Manufacturers Robotic Industries Association Canadian Tooling and Machining Association Unions... 

Anandan, Tanya M., The Shrinking Footprint of Robot Safety , Robotic Industries Association, October 6, 2014. Available at www.robotics.org/ content-detail.cfin content id=5059... 

ANSI/RIA R15.06 contains provisions to be applied by both the makers and users of robots and robot systems. ANSI standards are usually updated every 5 years and this standard was up for renewal in 2004. Rather than update R15.06, the Robotic Industries Association has become a member of the committee responsible for ISO 10218 1992, the Manipulating Industrial Robots—Safety Standard. (ISO is the designation for the International Organization for Standardization. It is the world s largest nongovernmental developer of standards, working with a network of the national standards institutes of 148 countries. The United States is represented at ISO by ANSI.)... 

TR R15.106-2006, Technical Report on Teaching Multiple Robots, Robotics Industries Association (RIA) —provides additional safety information relative to teaching (programming) multiple industrial robots in a common safeguarded space in an industrial setting, and supplements the ANSI/RIA R15.06-1999 robot safety standard. 

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) TC 184, Industrial Automation Systems and Integration ISO 10218-1 2006, Robots for industrial environments. Safety requirements. Parti Robot, Robotics Industries Association (RIA)—specifies requirements and guidelines for the inherent safe design, protective measures, and information for use of industrial robots describes basic hazards associated with robots and provides requirements to eliminate or adequately reduce the risks associated with these hazards. 

ANSI/Robotic Industries Association (RIA)/International Standards... 

Early laboratory robots were unreliable, but today, these systems perform quite well. Today s robots simply move plates from one robot-friendly position to another, such as the entrance pad of a plate reader. These simplified movements combined with the low weight of a plate allow engineering to simplify the robot designs. As seen in industrial application of robots, robots that are defined and used for a specific application will work day in and day out quite well. It is always best to keep the automation as simple as possible to get the highest level of performance. This is usually accomplished by minimizing the number of moveable parts associated with the automation. Stackers have also become more reliable. This was due, in part, to the standardization of the microplate by an effort of the Society for Biomolecular Screening (Danbury, CT, U.S.A.) in association with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI, Washington, DC, U.S.A.), but also due to the use of simpler stacker mechanisms. Today, there are many choices for devices, workstations, and fully automated systems. The selection as to which automated devices to purchase for HTS should be driven by a clear set of specifications that define the use of the automation. The choices can be expensive, and therefore, replacement may not be possible, so it is important to choose well. 

Lead drug compound synthesis using the current knowledge of medicinal chemistry represents a significant bottleneck in the discovery chain. MW-accelerated chemistry has proved to be invaluable for the pharmaceutical industry in reducing the timescale of this process. Therefore, pharmacentical companies have invested heavily in robot-assisted MW technology. The time saving associated with the use of MW-assisted accumulation of compound libraries was... 

Programmable Logic Controller. One of the most essential devices associated with modern production methods is the programmable logic controller, or PLC. These devices contain the instruction set for the automated operation of various machines, such as CNC (computer numerical control) lathes and milling machines, and all industrial robotics. In operation, the PLC replaces a human machinist or operator, eliminating the effects of human error and... 

The Objectives were so structured that, in general, the work involved in the latter Objectives were based upon findings of the former. Objective 4 was exceptional in that it used results from Objectives 1, 2, 3 and 5. The main thrust of the project was concerned with PES s in general rather than concentrating solely on PES s associated with industrial robots. Objective 4 did, however, concentrate on the type of PES s used on industrial robots and considered the particular problems that were raised by the application of general guidelines (being formulated in Objective 5) to the type of safety problems that arise in the context of industrial robots. 

ANSI R15.06-1999, Industrial Robots and Robot Systems, Safety Requirements—provides requirements for industrial robot manufacture, remanufacture and rebuild, and robot system integration/installation and methods of safeguarding to enhance the safety of personnel associated with the use of robots and robot systems. 

Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Z434-03, Industrial Robots and Robot Systems— applies to the manufacture, remanufacture, rebuild, installation, safeguarding, maintenance and repair, testing and start-up, and personnel training requirements for industrial robots and robot systems. 

Auzuir R. Alexandria was bom in Fortaleza, Brazil, in 1970. He is currently an Associate Professor with the Department of Automation and Control Engineering, Federal Institute for Education, Science, and Technology of Ceara (IFCE), Fortaleza, Brazil. He received the Ph D. degree from the Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2011. His research interests include embedded systems, industrial automation, artificial vision, and robotics. 

The hazards are many. As mentioned earlier, the operation of powered industrial trucks is probably the one element that causes the most injuries and incidents. Additional hazards can be found in the use of conveyors, stored or handled chemicals, movement of material at docks, trailers moving in and out of dock wells, and pedestrians in the aisles. Highly automated warehouses or distribution centers may utilize robotics, and the hazards associated with this technology would have to be recognized and controlled. The... 

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