Rice factor

Rice factor Oryza sativum (Poaceae) [boiled rice Blocks cAMP-dependent... 

Resacetophenone, 55 Resorcinol, 41 4-amino-, 57 4-chloro-, 42 Rice factor, 20 Rivanol, 65 Rubazonic acid, 67... 

The abihty to iaduce disease states ia animals by manipulation of the diet was estabUshed ia this period. The classical work by Eijkman (5), ia which a heriheri-like condition was iaduced ia chickens fed on poHshed rice, was significant. These findings led to the concept by Hopkins that small amounts of accessory growth factors are necessary for survival and growth. 

Most of the thiamine sold worldwide is used for dietary supplements. Primary market areas include the following appHcations addition to feed formulations, eg, poultry, pigs, catde, and fish (see Feeds and feed additives) fortification of refined foods, eg, flours, rice, and cereal products and incorporation into multivitamins. Small amounts are used in medicine to treat deficiency diseases and other conditions, in agriculture as an additive to ferti1i2ers (qv), and in foods as flavorings. Generally for dry formulations, the less soluble, nonhygroscopic nitrate is preferred. Only the hydrochloride can be used for intravenous purposes. Coated thiamine is used where flavor is a factor. 

Several studies have investigated the role of dietary factors in prostate cancer risk, but results appear inconsistent. Significant effects have not been detected for dietary soya products certain vegetables, beans, fruit, rice and seaweed appear to be protective in some studies, while another has shown no protective effect from seaweed or vegetable consumption. In addition, a number of other risk factors have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of this cancer, including meat and dairy products and carotenoids. 

Ishihara, K., Nishihara, T. Ogura, T. (1971). The relationship between environmental factors and behaviour of stomata in the rice plant. I. On the measurement of the stomatal aperture. Proceedings of the Japanese Society for Crop Science, 40, 491-6. 

Some modern varieties of cereals such as wheat and rice achieve high yield potential through genetic factors for plant dwarfness that improve harvest index. A popular notion among plant breeders is that high-yielding... 

Rice bran is the richest natural source of B-complex vitamins. Considerable amounts of thiamin (Bl), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic acid (B5) and pyridoxin (B6) are available in rice bran (Table 17.1). Thiamin (Bl) is central to carbohydrate metabolism and kreb s cycle function. Niacin (B3) also plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism for the synthesis of GTF (Glucose Tolerance Factor). As a pre-cursor to NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-oxidized form), it is an important metabolite concerned with intracellular energy production. It prevents the depletion of NAD in the pancreatic beta cells. It also promotes healthy cholesterol levels not only by decreasing LDL-C but also by improving HDL-C. It is the safest nutritional approach to normalizing cholesterol levels. Pyridoxine (B6) helps to regulate blood glucose levels, prevents peripheral neuropathy in diabetics and improves the immune function. 

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is characterized by the involvement of the heart and allied vascular system. High cholesterol, associated lipid abnormahties and high blood pressure are recognized as the major risk factors of CVD. There have been several animal experiments and clinical studies using rice bran and rice bran oil, which have demonstrated a hypocholesterolemic effect (Raghuram et al., 1989 Rukmini and Raghuram, 1991 Sugano and Tsuji, 1997). The mechanisms involved are briefly summarized. 

Stemmermann, G. N. Mower, H. Rice, S. Ichinotosubo, D. Tomiyasu, L. Hayeshi, T. Nomura, A. Mandel, M. "Gastrointestinal Cancer - Endogenous Factors Banbury Report No. 7 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, N. Y., 1981 p 175. 

Despite increased citrate accumulation in roots of Zn-deficient rice plants, root exudation of citrate was not enhanced. However, in distinct adapted rice cultivars, enhanced release of citrate could be observed in the presence of high bicarbonate concentrations in the rooting medium, a stress factor, which is frequently associated with Fe and Zn deficiency in calcareous soils (235) (Hajibo-huid, unpublished). This bicarbonate-induced citrate exudation has been related to improved Zn acquisition in bicarbonate-tolerant and Zn-efficient rice genotypes (Fig. 9) (23S). Increased exudation of sugars, amino acids, and phenolic compounds in response to Zn deficiency has been reported for various dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plant species and seems to be related to increased... 

Adraino DC. 1979. Factors affecting the availability of americium-241 to the rice plant. JAgricFood Chem 27(6) 1369-1375. 

Ecological succession is the orderly process of community change and is the sequence of communities which replace one another in a given area (3). Generally, the driving force behind succession has been attributed to changes of physical factors in the habitat, availability of essential minerals, differences in seed production and dispersal, competition, or a combination of these. In addition, Rice and co-workers (as cited in 1 ) have indicated that... 

Methane Emissions from Rice Production in the United States — A Review of Controlling Factors and Summary of Research... 

While numerous factors have been determined to impact CF14 emissions from rice cultivation, due to a general lack of field data, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEP A) currently uses a single emissions factor for all non-California-grown, primary rice crops [4]. Therefore, the purpose of this review is two-fold (i) discuss the factors known to control CH4 production in the soil and transport to the atmosphere from rice cultivation and (ii) summarize the historic and recent research conducted on CF14 emissions from rice production in the temperate United States. 

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