Retinoids biochemistry

Kennedy, M.W., Brass, A., McCruden, A.B., Price, N.C., Kelly, S.M. and Cooper, A. (1995b) The ABA-1 allergen of the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum fatty acid and retinoid binding function and structural characterization. Biochemistry 34, 6700-6710. 

Gudas LJ, Sporn MB, Roberts AB Cellular biology and biochemistry of the retinoids, in Sporn MB, Roberts AB, Goodman DS (eds) The Retinoids, Biology, Chemistry and Medicine. 2nd ed. Raven Press, New York, 1994, pp. 443-520. 

Means AL and Gudas L (1995) The roles of retinoids in vertebrate development. Annual Reviews of Biochemistry 64,201-33. 

Duester G (2000) Families of retinoid dehydrogenases regulating vitamin A function production of visual pigment and retinoic acid. European Journal of Biochemistry 267, 4315-24. 

McBee JK, KuksaV, Alvarez R, de Fera AR, Prezhdo O, Haeseleer F, Sokal I, and Palczewski K (2000) Isomerization of all-fra s-retinol to as-retinols in bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells dependence on the specificity of retinoid-binding proteins. Biochemistry 39,11370-80. 

Meeks RG, Zaharevitz D, and Chen RF (1981) Membrane effects of retinoids possible correlation with toxicity. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 207,141-7. 

Wang XD, Tang GW, Fox JG, Krinsky Nl, and Russell RM (1991) Enzymatic conversion of beta-carotene into beta-apo-carotenals and retinoids by human, monkey, ferret, and rat tissues. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 285, 8-16. 

Carlson, A., and Bok, D. (19%). Promotion of the release of 11-cis-retinal from cultured refinal pigment epithelium by interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. Biochemistry 31, 9056-9062. 

Dong D, Noy N. 1998. Heterodimer formation by retinoid X receptor—regulation by ligands and by the receptors selfassociation properties. Biochemistry 37 10691-700... 

Chen Y. Saari JC, Noy N. Interactions of all-frans-retinol and long-chain fatty acids with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. Biochemistry 1993 32 11,311-11,318. 

Tian, K., Norris, A.W., Lin, C.L. and Li, E. (1997) The isolation and characterization of purified heterocomplexes of recombinant retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor ligand binding domains. Biochemistry, 36, 5669-5676. 

Reviews.—Reviews published during the year include articles on the chemistry and biochemistry of carotenoids of higher plants/ algae, and citrus fruits," a detailed discussion of bacterial C30 carotenoids, and a short account of carotenoids in the food industry. A review of the chemistry of polyene compounds includes carotenoids and retinoids the chemistry of the latter group, especially of vitamin A itself, has also been reviewed. Two articles on ionones, irones, and damascones include an evaluation of these compounds as degraded carotenoids . 

Moise AR, Noy N, Palczewski K et al. 2007. Delivery of retinoid-based therapies to target tissues. Biochemistry 46 4449-4458. 

Cellular Biology and Biochemistry of the Retinoids Anita B. Roberts and Michael B, Spom... 

These two volumes are meant to be a modem treatise that broadly reflects the contemporary interest and excitement in current retinoid research. They include detailed discussions of the continuing themes of the roles of retinoids in nutrition and in vision. These topics have been under investigation for decades, yet remain scientifically and clinically timely and important. Indeed, in the area of public health, the widespread occurrence of vitamin A deficiency is still one of the world s major nutritional problems, and the chapter on nutritional aspects of vitamin A is one of the most extensive in these two volumes. Similarly, the biochemistry of retinoids in vision is still an issue of major scientific importance, and an extensive review of this topic is also presented here. 

Retinoids are known for their importance in general growth, the growth and differentiation of epithelial tissues, visual function, and reproduction. The mechanism by which retinoids manifest all their biological effects is largely unknown. To facilitate additional basic research on the biochemistry and pharmacology of... 

El Akawi, Z. and Napoli, J. L (1994) Rat liver cytosolic retinal dehydrogenase, comparison of 13-cw-, 9-cis-, and all-trans-retinal as substrates and effects of cellular retinoid-binding proteins and retinoic acid on activity. Biochemistry 33, 1938-1943... 

Chen, Y. and Noy, N (1994) Retinoid specificity of interphotoreceptor retinoid-bmdmg protein. Biochemistry 33, 10,658-10,665... 

Kersten, S., Pan, L, and Noy, N (1995) On the role of ligand in retinoid signaling. Positive cooperativity in the interactions of 9-cis retinoic acid with tetramers of the retinoid X receptor. Biochemistry 34, 14,263-14,269... 

The retinol transport system provides an interesting model for the study of protein-protein and protein-retinoid interactions and of the characteristics and metabolic regulation of a specific binding and transport system. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the information available about this transport system, including information about the structure and chemistry, biochemistry, and metabolism of RBP, and about related clinical phenomena. Brief comments are also... 

This chapter reviews the cellular mechanism of action of retinoids, which is the central unsolved problem in retinoid biology and biochemistry. The problem of the role of retinoids in maintaining the normal physiology of the body as a whole, and of its various constituent oigans, has been essentially solved. However, at the cellular and molecular levels of investigation, it is not yet possible to present a consistent, unifying analysis of the mechanism of action of retinoids which provides a comprehensive explanation of the experimental data. 

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