Retail and consumers

He offers examples of how prominent companies in the electronics, retailing and consumer products sectors have adopted elements of the framework. 

The petroleum industry can be divided into two subgroups, upstream producers (exploration, development and production of crade oil or natural gas) and downstream transporters (tanker, pipeline transport), and also includes refiners, retailers, and consumers. 

In the late sixties and early seventies, the apparent demand for premium red table wine grape varieties was so great that many varieties were planted indiscriminately, with little regard to location or actual consumer demand. Experience has shown that actual demand is always lower than apparent demand because of the tendency of wholesalers, retailers, and consumers to hoard a product they think will be in short supply. 

The book uses the term customer when referring to traders, retailers and consumers influencing market demand for chemical products. 

Producers, retailers and consumers are often interested in reliable information on the quality of the food. Information on composition is often printed on the outside of the package as well as a use by or best before date. However, this does not provide information about whether the food has been contaminated... 

Different options are possible for investors and producers to securitize any generation investment in electricity markets by transferring part of the market risk to other parties, such as vertical integration, long-term contracts, or the combination of horizontal integration and vertical arrangement in a consortium. Such arrangements can help to shift the market risks onto players other than the producers, in particular retailers and consumers ... 

Important as the supply chain and retailer relationship is in the dialog about sustainability, one of the most important perspectives that must be considered is consumer perception of sustainability. The interaction between retailers and consumers is considered by some as the most important relationship in any discussions about retail sustainability the impact of consumers attitudes to sustainability and how these attitudes manifest themselves in consumer behavior has played a significant role in determining retailers direction and strategies for sustainability. 

Potential growth of food borne pathogens due to non-maintenance of required storage temperature by retailers and consumers. 

Alon, I., Qi, M. and Sadowski, R. J., 2001. Forecasting aggregate retail sales a comparison of artificial neural networks and traditional methods. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 8(3), 147-156. 

G Consulting firm "[Company s] insight into the global consumer products complex from consumer to retailer to supplier, helps companies develop and implement winning strategies. The firm s thought leadership among retailers and consumer products companies has led to the transformation of entire industry sectors."... 

S. A. Neslin, S. G. Powell, and L. S. Stone. The effects of retailer and consumer response on optimal manufacturer advertising and trade promotion strategies. Management Science, A 5) 1A9-166, 1995. 

Parment A., 2008, Distribution Strategies for Volume and Premium Brands in Highly Competitive Consumer Markets, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 15(4), pp. 250-265. 

Figure 2 shows the estimated direct recall costs per stage of the consumption milk supply chain in relation to the recall moment. For example, if the recall moment is at 12 hours, the recall costs are 0, 53,000, 9000, 8000, 13,000, 0,60 and 0, at the stages truck, silo, processing, packaging, distribution centre 1, distribution centre 2, retail and consumer, respectively. 

If the milk company is able to recall within 10 hours after collecting the milk from the farm around 95% of the direct recall costs are located in stages belonging to the milk company (i.e. truck, silo, processing and packaging). This implies that the costs are for a great part predictable and the unpredictable costs made at the retail level are low. If the recall moment is later than 24 hours more than 95% of the direct recall costs are located at retailer or consumer level i.e. distribution centres, retail and consumer), which is undesirable. 

Nowadays, when crop shelf life is of considerable importance to retailers and consumers, several hybrids of fruit-ripening mutants with commercial lines are grown and supplied to the stores. Since fruit flavor develops during ripening, such hybrid lines often suffer from poor taste and aroma. While the knowledge regarding the composition of fiuit flavor volatiles is extensive and spans multiple species... 

If meat passes federal inspection, an inspection stamp (Fig. M-23) is affixed to the wholesale cuts or package to eissure the retailer and consumer that the products have been inspected. Products that do not pass inspection are denatured and rendered unusable for human consumption. 

To achieve long-term waste reduction and resource conservation, manufacturers, retailers, and consumers must view the products they produce and purchase as resources rather than as future waste [6]. Product stewardship consists of several elements that are briefly described in the following subsections. 

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