Responsibility origins

One fact does emerge from the assembled literature, despite its disarray. Palytoxin does not appear to act by binding to one single cellular component to trigger a cascade of responses. Original speculations that it might activate voltage-... 

B. Photocurrent Responses Originating from Heterogeneous Quenching of Dyes... 

Matrix acidizing treatments are more often performed, nowadays, with sensors and data acquisition systems continuously recording the surface pressure and rate histories. According to a recently proposed methodology (15), these records can be used to compute downhole rate and pressure evolutions. The bottomhole pressure history is then compared to the theoretical response of an equivalent reservoir wherein a non-reactive fluid would have been injected according to an identical rate schedule. Following this method, the difference between both theoretical and actual pressure responses originates from the evolution of the skin of the true reservoir under the influence of the acid attack. Equation 1 is then used to derive the skin decrease from this pressure difference. 

Muscarinic receptors are responsible for postganglionic parasympathetic neurotransmission and thus for control of a wide range of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and secretory responses. Some responses originating in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, such as sweating and piloerection, also are mediated through muscarinic receptors. 

Detection sensitivity is one of the key issues in CARS microscopy. This is an especially acute problem in applications where chemical selectivity of CARS perfectly suits the tracking of small changes in cells related to specific protein and DNA distributions, external drug delivery/distribution, etc. There is, however, a component in CARS signal that is not associated with a particular vibration resonance and therefore does not carry chemically specific information. Unfortunately, in many cases, it can distort and even overwhelm the resonant signal of interest. In modeled approach, the CARS response originates from the third-order nonlinear susceptibility, which... 

In any event, ambiguity still remains in the surface coverage of GOx. The protein double layer thus prepared is schematically shown in Figure 13. The catalytic activity of GOx in the double layer was elucidated electrochemically by measuring an amperometric response originating from the oxidation current of H2O2 produced enzymatically in the presence of glucose (Eq. 1), and was found to be still active. 

The situation is very different for polar solvents, i.e., solvents that have a relevant permanent dipole moment. In such solvents the greatest part of the dielectric response originates from the slight reorientation of the applied external field, and only a small part from electronic polarization. For water, with s = 78.4 (at 25 °C), the electronic polarizability contribution is only... 

They are often plasticized PVC matrices, which occlude an ionophore as the key selective element, a chromoionophore or a fluoroionophore as the chemical-optical transducer and, sometimes, ionic additives to maintain electroneutrality. Such optodes follow ion-exchange mechanisms between the membrane and the aqueous solution and the analytical response originates from the ratio of the concentration of ions in the solution or from their product (Fig. 3). Moreover, selectivity is ruled by the ion distribution coefficients between both phases and by the formation constants of complexes within the membrane. 

This section aims to show how the LFER approach compares to other property calculation methods. Biological, chemical, and physical responses originate from interactions between two or more molecules. Many of these interactions can be looked at as involving a solute molecule surrounded by solvent molecules. The successful application of solute-solvent interaction models to many such properties has been well documented. Examples of these properties include solubility, partition coefficients, rate constants, and biological activities, such as equilibrium binding constants, effective doses, and toxicities, as well as other topics of interest in medicinal chemistry. 

The immime system is characterised by an ability to distinguish between self and non-self. Exogenous materials are consistently bracketed as non-self but also endogenous entities, if recovered outside their principal habitat, can be immuno active. The immunological response originates from either of two different systems, B-cells or T-cells, where the B-cell system handles non-cellular intruders and the T-cell system is dedicated to whole cells. 

B. Fill in the blanks with colorful words. Make the paragraph as interesting, exciting, or humorous as you can. Avoid cliches and Insta-Prose (those predictable phrases that first come to mind). Make your responses original and... 

Sarda P, Moreira M, Standacher T (1999b) Response Origin of argon-lead isotopic correlation in basalts. 

The composite materials of ECPs and RGO enhance the electrochemical response originating from the oxidation of the... 

The size of the cartilage formed in the experimental bioabsorbable implants increased over a period of about 7 weeks after which time it remained stable. The growth appeared histologically to be at the expense of the fibrous tissue initially seen and associated at least temporally with a decrease in neovascularization and resolution of the mild inflammatory response originally noted. There was a decrease in inflammatory response, as evidenced by decreases in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and giant cells, which correlated with the disappearance of the polymers. Very little evidence of either inflammatory response or polymer remnants were seen after 7 weeks when using bioabsorbable material, while moderate inflammation and minimal cartilage formation was noted in the nonabsorbable implants after this period of time. 

Chemical sensors are generally used in a liquid or a gas medium. In either case their interaction with the sample, and the generation of the primary signal, can take place at the surface (by adsorption), in the bulk (by absorption), or by both mechanisms. This seemingly trivial fact has some important implications with respect to the use of the selective layer in the sensor. For example, an electropolymerized layer can be used in a quartz crystal microbalance in a simple and predictable way with the response originating in the bulk. The use of the same material in a chemi-resistor may depend mostly on the modulation of the surface resistance by adsorption. 

LB films, formed from non-racemic thiahelicenes bearing two quinone residues at the terminal of the helical scaffold, have been studied from the theoretical and experimental points of view to determine the circular-difference effect (2008JPC(B)1940). This study demonstrates the difference between a circular-difference response originating from chirality, that is an intrinsic property of the sample, and from anisotropy which instead varies with the azimuthal rotation angle adopted during the experiment. In addition, the study points out that overall properties are essentially independent of the film thickness and the deposition type. 

The electrode materials that have been most useful are platinum and car-bon[12]. Electron transfer processes at the electrode surface from biological Important molecules can be obscured by the electrochemical response originating from surface oxides on platinum. For this reason) the most successful results have been obtained with carbon electrodes. However) even at carbon electrodes the Inhibition of electron transfer caused by the... 

Figure 7 Amperometric responses of the (T)25 jq functionalized redox-hydrogel, (4), associated with the electrode upon (a) hybridization with (G)2j 3q-HRP, (b) hybridization with (A)25 3q-HRP amperometric responses originate from the electrobiocatalyzed reduction of HjOj by the ohgonucleotide-HRP conjugate. (Adapted from Ref. 32 with permission.)...

Figure 29 Chronoamperometric responses of the (36)-functionalized redox-hydrogel-modifled electrode upon the hybridization and the sensing of DNA, (37), and its mutants, (37a) and (37b), at variable temperatures (a) the analyte, (37) (b) the single-base mismatched DNA mutant, (37b) (c) the four-bases mismatched DNA mutant, (37a). (A) At 45°C. (B) At 57°C. The amperometric responses originate from the electrobiocatalyzed reduction of H2O2,1 x ICr M, E = -0.06 V vs. Ag/AgCl, by the DN A-SBP conjugates. The dashed hues correspond to the optimized fits of the experimental data to Eq. 10. (Adapted from Ref. 50 with permission.)...

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