Respiratory system functions

Selenium is an essential element and is beneficial at low concentrations, serving as an antioxidant. Lack of selenium affects thyroid function, and selenium deficiencies have been linked to Keshan Disease (34). Selenium at high levels, however, is toxic. Hydrogen selenide (which is used in semiconductor manufacturing) is extremely toxic, affecting the mucous membranes and respiratory system. However, the toxicity of most organ oselenium compounds used as donor compounds for organic semiconductors is not weU studied. 

Air pollution principally affects the respiratory, circulatory, and olfactory systems. The respiratory system is the principal route of entry for air pollutants, some of which may alter the function of the lungs. 

Health effects attributed to sulfur oxides are likely due to exposure to sulfur dioxide, sulfate aerosols, and sulfur dioxide adsorbed onto particulate matter. Alone, sulfur dioxide will dissolve in the watery fluids of the upper respiratory system and be absorbed into the bloodstream. Sulfur dioxide reacts with other substances in the atmosphere to form sulfate aerosols. Since most sulfate aerosols are part of PMj 5, they may have an important role in the health impacts associated with fine particulates. However, sulfate aerosols can be transported long distances through the atmosphere before deposition actually occurs. Average sulfate aerosol concentrations are about 40% of average fine particulate levels in regions where fuels with high sulfur content are commonly used. Sulfur dioxide adsorbed on particles can be carried deep into the pulmonary system. Therefore, reducing concentrations of particulate matter may also reduce the health impacts of sulfur dioxide. Acid aerosols affect respiratory and sensory functions. 

In addition, the temperature, pulse, and respiratory rates for 10 infants were reviewed for evidence of drug effects on autonomic nervous system function. However, no abnormal patterns were noted during the course of hospitalization. 

Elderberries have long been valued for their cleansing ability, enhancing the functions of the skin, kidneys, bowels and respiratory systems. Today elder... 

The cells of the body require a continuous supply of oxygen to produce energy and carry out their metabolic functions. Furthermore, these aerobic metabolic processes produce carbon dioxide, which must be continuously eliminated. The primary functions of the respiratory system include ... 

Clinical pharmacological studies to specifically address the effect of rifaximin on GI or CY and respiratory functions have not been performed. However, while the most frequently reported, albeit few, adverse events associated with rifaximin administration were gastrointestinal in nature, no untoward reactions involving the CV or respiratory systems have been described [33, 117]. 

The main function of the respiratory system is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the inhaled air. In 1 minute a normal person at rest uses an estimated 250 ml of oxygen and expels approximately 200 ml of carbon dioxide. Approximately 8 L of air are breathed per minute. Only a fraction of the total air within the lung is exchanged with each breath. These demands increase significantly with physical exertion. 

Respiratory Hazard A particular concentration of an airborne contaminant that, when it enters the body by way of the respiratory system or by being breathed into the lungs, results in some bodily function impairment. 

Nitrogen oxides combustion appliances cooking ETS. irritation of respiratory system and eyes decreased in pulmonary function in asthmatics decreased immune capacily, changes in anatomy and function of lung. 

Plopper CG (1996) Structure and function of the lung. In Jones TC, Dung-worth DL, Mohr U (eds.) Respiratory System. Sprinter Verlag, Berlin, pp 135— 150. 

In experimental animals the respiratory system is a primary target of acrolein exposure after inhalation, and there is an inverse relationship between the exposure concentration and the time it takes for death to occur." Inhalation LCso values of 327ppm for 10 minutes and 130ppm for 30 minutes have been reported in rats." Of 57 male rats, 32 died after exposure to 4 ppm for 6 hours/day for up to 62 days. Desquamation of the respiratory epithelium followed by airway occlusion and asphyxiation is the primary mechanism for acrolein-induced mortality in animals." Sublethal acrolein exposure in mice at 3 and 6 ppm suppressed pulmonary antibacterial defense mechanisms. A combination of epithelial cell injury and inhibition of macrophage function may be responsible for acrolein-induced suppression of pulmonary host defense. ... 

A follow-up study of 29 workers with TMAN-induced immunologic lung disease who had been moved to low-exposure jobs for more than 1 year revealed that workers with late asthma or late respiratory systemic syndrome had improved symptoms, improved pulmonary functions, and lower total antibody against TMAN-HSA. In contrast, 7 of 12 workers with asthma rhinitis continued to have moderate to severe symptoms, abnormal pulmonary functions, and elevated IgE against TMAN-HSA. Elevated IgE against TMAN-HSA appears to be a marker for the subpopulation of workers with asthma rhinitis that does not improve. 

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