Respiratory system connective tissue

Willow is reputed to have anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, antipyretic, antihidrotic, analgesic, antiseptic, and astringent properties. Traditionally, it is used for muscular and arthrodial rheumatism with inflammation and pain, influenza, respiratory catarrh, gouty arthritis, and other systemic connective tissue disorders characterized by inflammatory changes. 

Respiratory system (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD emphysema, chronic bronchitis], acute obstructive lung disease [asthma], chronic restrictive lung disease [connective tissue lung disease])... 

Copper is a mineral that is required for many essential enz)rmes. The respiratory electron transport chain contains an enzyme, q/tochrome oxidase, that contains both heme groups and copper ions. Copper is therefore required in the diet for the function of this essential enzyme. Copper is also required by some of the enzymes that are responsible for the synthesis of connective tissue proteins. Seafood, vegetables, nuts, and meats such as liver are excellent sources of copper ions. The ESADDI for adults is 1.5-3.0 mg. Copper ions in high concentrations are toxic. In fact, mental retardation and death in early adolescence result from an inability to remove excess copper ions from the body. As everywhere in life, the balance of the system is critical to its function. 

A medical history that addresses the cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, renal, hematological, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems and includes information on specific dermatological, endocrine, connective tissue, and metabolic conditions that might affect heat acclimatization or the ability to eliminate heat. 

When a person is exposed to a volatile organic solvent through inhalation, the solvent vapor diffuses very rapidly torough the alveolar membranes, fire connective tissues and the capillary endothelium and into fire red blood cells or plasma. With respiratory gases the whole process takes less than 0.3 seconds. This results in almost instantaneous equilibration between the concentration in alveolar air and in blood and, flierefore, the ratio of the solvent concentration in pulmonary blood to that in alveolar air should be approximately equal to the partition coefficient. As the exposure continues, the solvent concentration in the arterial blood exceeds that in the mixed venous blood. The partial pressures in alveolar air, arterial blood, venous blood and body tissues reach equilibrium at steady state. When the exposure stops, any unmetabolized solvent vapors are removed from the systemic circulation through pulmonary clearance. During that period the concentration in fire arterial blood is lower than in the mixed venous blood and the solvent concentration in alveolar air will depend on the pulmonary ventilation, the blood flow, the solubifity in blood and the concentration in the... 

Crestani B. The respiratory system in connective tissue disorders. Allergy 2005 60 715-734. 

The toxicological implications in the effect of the respiratory poisons on the enzyme systems of mammals are not fully comprehended, even at this stage of knowledge. For instance, Dixon and Webb (44) point out that the respiration of most animal tissues is insensitive to carbon monoxide which, in the blood, competes with oxygen for the reduced hemoproteins whereas cyanide has a broad inhibitory spectrum which includes various oxidative systems at cellular level and, most importantly, the oxidized forms of the hemoproteins, especially methemoglobin. In this latter connection, phenazine methosulfate has recently been found effective as an experimental therapeutic in cyanide poisoning of mice (13). The respiratory poisons have just been reviewed by Hewitt and Nicholas (72). 

There are three distinct types of muscle tissue in vertebrates striated, smooth, and cardiac. Striated, or skeletal, muscle is attached, at least at one end, to the skeleton via tendons. This muscle type is often referred to as the voluntary muscle, as it can be consciously controlled. Smooth muscle is usually arranged in sheets or layers in tubular systems, such as arteries and veins (see Blood Vessels), the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, and the genitourinary tracts. The activities of the smooth muscles are not under conscious control rather they are coordinated by the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system. The cardiac muscle comprises the bulk of the heart wall proper and small amounts are found in the superior vena cava and pulmonary vein. The cardiac muscle is not under conscious control it has an automaticity center which responds to the autonomic nervous system when needed (see section Impulse Conduction). In the heart, cardiac muscle cells are joined in a network of fibers and are connected by gap junctions, which facilitate the conduction of electrical impulses through the cardiac muscle network. In addition to the typical cardiac myocytes, there are other cardiac muscle cells that are specialized to initiate, attenuate, or accelerate the electrical impulses for coordinated contraction of the cardiac network. 

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