Respiratory gases

Capillary endothelial cells comprise 30-42% of cells in the alveolar region and comprise the walls of the extensive network of blood capillaries in the lung parenchyma. The endothelium forms a continuous, attenuated cell layer that transports respiratory gases, water, and solutes. However, it also forms a barrier to the leakage of excess water and macromolecules into the pulmonary interstitial space. Pulmonary endothelial cells, like type I cells, are vulnerable to injury from inhaled substances and substances in the systemic circulation. Injury to the endothelium results in fluid and protein leakage into the pulmonary interstitium and alveolar spaces, resulting in pulmonary edema. 

Molecular sieve md silica gel columns can be used in parallel for the analysis of respiratory gases where resolution of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide is of importance. 

Riess, J.G. Fluorocarbon emulsions—designing an efficient shuttle service for the respiratory gases—the so-called blood substitutes . In Fluorine at the Millenium Banks, R.E., Ed. Elsevier Amsterdam, 2000 385-431. 

Kakac and Hudlicky (3, 46) used infrared absorption to analyze liquid mixtures of halothane and 1-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane resulting from aluminum chloride rearrangement of the latter. Davies et al (47) and Sechzer et al (48) used infrared absorption to analyze for halothane in respiratory gases during and after anesthesia. Rehder et al (27) and Larson et al (49) used commercial infrared halothane analyzers for measuring halothane in gas mixtures. 

Alan Mutch, of the University of Manitoba, argues that both blood flow and ventilation are delivered in a fractal manner in both space and time in a healthy body. However, during critical illness, conventional life support devices deliver respiratory gases by mechanical ventilation or blood by cardiopulmonary bypass pump in a monotonously periodic fashion. This periodic driving overrides the natural aperiodic operation of the body. Mutch [107] speculates that these devices result in the loss of normal fractal transmission and consequently ... 

Rosenthal M, LaManna JC, Jobsis FF, Levasseur JE, Kontos HA, et al. 1976. Effects of respiratory gases on cytochrome a in intact cerebral cortex Is there a critical Pq Brain Res 108 143-154. 

A situation opposite to that is seen with the carbamate insecticides. As shown in Table I, data from studies in our laboratory demonstrate that carbamate insecticides most toxic to rats are also hydrolyzed at a faster rate. Ester hydrolysis in these studies was measured by quantitation of radioactive carbon dioxide in the respiratory gases of animals treated orally with the carbamate radiolabeled on the carbonyl carbon. Yet, hydrolysis of... 

Pfaller W, Felder E, Koppelstaetter C, Abbot SE, Westwick J. Epiflow a new cell culture system utilising continuous medium exchange and continuous supply with respiratory gases. ATLA 1999b 27 423 (Abstract). 

The basic function of the respiratory system is to maintain the respiratory gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide at levels which meet the demands of the metabolic processes and maintain the body acid-base balance. This is achieved through the regulation of ventilation in the lungs and the cardiac output and distribution of blood throughout the body. The levels of ventilation and blood flow, as well as the blood distribution, result from integration of many sensory inputs which may be chemical, mechanical, thermal, and neural in nature. 

The PFCs are formulated as stable aqueous emulsions with dextrose, egg yolk phospholipids, and physiologic electrolytes. These emulsions are somewhat less viscous than whole blood at 37°C. The PFCs have a dose-dependent half-live of 8 to 24 hours. Normal doses are 10 mL/kg, but short-term doses of up to 30 mL/kg have been reported. The PFCs are not metabolized and are eliminated unchanged in expired respiratory gases. Because they are highly lipophilic, multiple doses can cause PFC accumulation in the liver and spleen. Therefore, it is recommended that these compounds not be administered more than once in a 6-month period. 

Insecticides that we ap ied for the ccxitrol of insects on plants are generally divided into two types Systemic poisons and Contact poisons. The latter are divided into irritants killing by contact and substances that close spiracles and kill by suffocation. Fatty acids probably work by interfering with exchange of respiratory gases, i.e. killing fay suffocation. 

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