Respiratory dysfunctions

Hydrogen chloride was found not to be physically incapacitating to baboons subjected to concentrations up to 17,000 ppm for 5 minutes (8). (The toxicant was reported, however, to cause an incidence of postexposure death at these high doses.) Comparable studies have not been conducted using actual PVC smoke. There have been questions as to the extent of respiratory dysfunction and susceptibility to... 

Botulism. Clinical features include symmetric cranial neuropathies (i.e., drooping eyelids, weakened jaw clench, and difficulty swallowing or speaking), blurred vision or diplopia, symmetric descending weakness in a proximal to distal pattern, and respiratory dysfunction from respiratory muscle paralysis or upper airway obstruction without sensory deficits. Inhalational botulism would have a similar clinical presentation as food-borne botulism however, the gastrointestinal symptoms that accompany foodborne botulism may be absent. 

Symmetric descending weakness respiratory dysfunction (requiring mechanical ventilation)... 

Other studies have indicated respiratory effects from chronic exposure to HDL The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) method and skin tests were used to evaluate the significance of type I sensitization, its incidence, and relationship to respiratory dysfunctions in a large population of isocyanate-exposed workers. A group of 621 workers engaged in isocyanate processing for a period of 2 weeks to 40 years were studied. Sex of the workers was not reported. Of these workers, 183 had contact with TDI ... 

Symptoms of acute toxicity- are sunilar to those in humans, including hyperpyrexia and neurological and respiratory- dysfunction (WHO, 1987). Furthermore, pahnitoylpenta-chlorophenol, which has been isolated from human fat (Ansari et al., 1985), causes selective pancreatic toxicity in rats after single oral doses of 100 mg/kg bw (Ansari et al., 1987). 

Other Pathologies. Because of their many varied physiologic effects, the eicosanoids are involved in a number of other pathologic conditions. Prostaglandins have been implicated in cardiovascular disorders (hypertension), neoplasms (colon cancer), respiratory dysfunction (asthma), neurologic disorders (multiple... 

Dodd, K.T., and D.R.Gross. 1980. Ammonia inhalation toxicity in cats a study of acute and chronic respiratory dysfunction. Arch. Environ. Health 35(1) 6-14. 

With mild exposures, signs disappear within 6 h, but can continue for more than 24 h with severe exposures. Exposure to moderate or severe concentrations can result in chronic respiratory dysfunction (Decker, 1988 Schwartz et al, 1990). This can be career or life ending if the affected animal is an equine athlete or a working dog. 

Cisplatin can cause anaphylactic shock, asthma, or urticaria (236). Hypersensitivity reactions, probably of type I, have also been reported after the administration of cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin (237-243). Life-threatening allergy to cisplatin has also been reported after 16 doses of cisplatin 20 mg/m /week (244). These allergic reactions can include respiratory dysfunction (for example wheezing, dyspnea), gastrointestinal discomfort (for example abdominal cramps, diarrhea), and rashes (for example pruritus, urticaria, facial erythema, and swelling). The risk of exfoliative dermatitis is very low. In most patients, the first signs of hypersensitivity reactions usually occurred after the administration of multiple intravenous courses... 

Lactic acidosis, respiratory dysfunction, uncompensated metabolic alkalosis, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypercapnia... 

Perform arterial blood gas analysis and correct respiratory dysfunction by clearing the airways, giving oxygen and perform artificial (mechanical) respiration if required. Metabolic acidosis must also be treated by giving sodium bicarbonate according to the results of arterial pH and blood gas analyses. 

Extreme caution CNS depression, anoxia, hypercapnia, respiratory depression, seizures, acute alcoholism, shock, untreated myxedema, respiratory dysfunction... 

Respiratory dysfunction from respiratory muscle paralysis or upper airway obstruction... 

Donham KJ, Reynolds SJ, Whitten P, et al. 1995. Respiratory dysfunction in swine production facility workers dose-response relationships of environmental exposures and pulmonary functions. Am J Ind Med 27(3) 405-418. 

Like other antihistamines, promethazine has signih-cant anticholinergic effects it should be used with caution in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, peptic ulcer, or pyloroduodenal obstruction or urinary bladder obstruction from prostatic hypertrophy or narrowing of the bladder neck. It also should be used with caution in patients with CVD or hypertension because of the risk of palpitations with acute or chronic respiratory dysfunction (especially children) as promazine may depress the cough reflex. 

Pharmacology The actions of ephedra products are those of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which release norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings. In addition to nasal decongestion, the established clinical use of ephedrine is as a pressor agent Ephedra herbal products are commonly used for treatment of respiratory dysfunction (including bronchitis and asthma) and as mild CNS stimulants. In Chinese medicine, ephedra products are also used for relief of cold and flu symptoms, for diuresis, and for bone or Joint pain. 

Inhibition of permeability edema with imidazole. Surgery, 92, 299-308 Slotman, G.J., Yellin, S.A., Handy, J.R., Hulstyn, M., Husain, S.E. and Gann, D.S. (1986). TxA2 mediates hemodynamic and respiratory dysfunction in graded bacteremia. Surgery, 100, 214-221... 

The purpose of a pulmonary function laboratory is to obtain clinically useful data from patients with respiratory dysfunction. The pulmonary function tests (PFTs) within this laboratory fulfill a variety of functions. They permit (1) quantification of a patient s breathing deficiency, (2) diagnosis of different types of pulmonary diseases, (3) evaluation of a patient s response to therapy, and (4) preoperative screening to determine whether the presence of lung disease increases the risk of surgery. 

This chapter provides an overview of the structure and function of mechanical ventilators. Mechanical ventilators, which are often also called respirators, are used to artificially ventilate the lungs of patients who are unable to breathe naturally from the atmosphere. In almost 105 years of development, many mechanical ventilators with different designs have been manufactured (MacIntyre and Branson, 2009). Very early devices used bellows that were manually operated to inflate the lungs. Today s respirators employ an array of sophisticated components, such as microprocessors, fast-response servo valves, and precision transducers to mechanically ventilate the incapacitated patients. Large varieties of ventilators are now available for short-term treatment of acute respiratory dysfunction as well as long-term therapy for chronic respiratory conditions. 

Has no established medical history or clinical diagnosis of a respiratory dysfunction likely to interfere with his/ her ability to control and drive a commercial motor vehicle safely ... 

However, there are two you need to pay particular attention to — 391.41(b)(5) which states that the driver cannot have an established medical history or clinical diagnosis of a respiratory dysfunction likely to interfere with his/her ability to control and drive a CMV safely, and 391.41(b)(6), which states that a person is physically qualified to drive a CMV if that person has no current clinical diagnosis of high blood pressure likely to interfere with his or her ability to operate a CMV. 

Sleep apnea is a respiratory dysfunction that can lead to several physical problems, some of which can impact the driver s ability to safely operate a CMV. As of today, there is no regulation specific to sleep apnea. However, if the medical examiner determines that the driver has a respiratory dysfunction (such... 

Once the medical examiner has considered all of the above, the examiner needs to make a decision on whether or not the driver is fit in relation to respiratory function or will need to be evaluated, and possibly treated. Bottom line If the examiner believes that there is a high probability of respiratory dysfunction (sleep apnea in this case), the examiner may require that the driver undergo testing before certifying the driver. 

Accidental exposure to liquid fuming sulfuric acid can result in skin bums as well as pulmonary edema from inhalation. Pulmonary fibrosis, residual bronchitis, and pulmonary emphysema have also been reported. A single overexposure to sulfuric acid may lead to acute laryngeal, tracheobronchial, and pulmonary edema. Concentrations of around 5 mg/ m have been found quite objectionable, often causing coughs and respiratory dysfunctions. The data in Table 35.2 summarize human responses to various levels of concentration of sulfuric acid mist. 

Pulmonary system A conventional respiratory examination, including inspection of the thorax and auscultation and percussion of the lung fields should be performed as part of the periodic medical examination. Although routine pulmonary function testing is only required by the standard once every year for persons who are exposed over the TWA concentration limit, these tests have an obvious value in investigating possible respiratory dysfunction and should be used wherever deemed appropriate by the physician. In cases of alleged formalde-... 

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