Respiratory disorders, treatment

Arylimino-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro- (00MIP19) and 2-aryloxy-6,7-dihydro-4//-pyrimido[6,1-a]isoquinolin-4-ones (00MIP20) were patented as PDE inhibitors and as useful agents for treatment of respiratory disorders, respectively. 

Flunisolide is a fast-acting corticoid designed for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, asthma, and other allied respiratory disorders in humans. As the quantum of drug delivered by inhalation (/. e., the usual route of administration of the drug), is invariably small, the plasma-levels attained can also be fairly small. Hence, there is a dire need for a sensitive method of plasma concentration evaluation which is satisfied by radioimmunoassay. 

The most frequently reported adverse events (all causalities) in the therapeutic trials were visual disturbances, fever, rash, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, headache, sepsis, peripheral edema, abdominal pain, and respiratory disorder. The treatment-related adverse events that most often led to discontinuation of voriconazole therapy were elevated liver function tests, rash, and visual disturbances. 

Although anticholinesterase agents can be used in the treatment of atony of the bladder and adynamic ileus, they are contraindicated in cases of mechanical obstruction of the intestine or urinary tract. Caution should also be used in giving these drugs to a patient with bronchial asthma or other respiratory disorders, since they will further constrict the smooth muscle of the bronchioles and stimulate respiratory secretions. 

McHarg, J. Littlechild, J.A. Studies with inhibitors of the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase for potential treatment of cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 48, 201-205 (1996)... 

S.M. Daluge et al., US Patent 7,002,012 (February 21, 2006) Assignee SmithKline Beecham Corporation Utility Treatment of Respiratory Disorders... 

The clarification of the factors of alveolar stability can provide more successful diagnosing and treatment of respiratory disorders. It would be interesting to find the relationship between the parameters describing the stability of bilayers and multilayers (based on short-range molecular interaction in lateral and normal directions) as well as their surface properties (viscosity, elasticity modulus, etc.) given in literature [e.g. 62]. 

Respiratory Disorders. Topically applied P-blockers can induce asthma or dyspnea in patients with preexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clinicians should inquire about a history of pulmonary disorders before initiating glaucoma treatment with P-blockers. A history of restrictive airway disease also contraindicates the use of opioids for treatment of ocular pain. 

One example of separation by HPLC is Clenbuterol, which is an orally active, sympathomimetic agent that has specificity for j82-adrenoceptors. Owing to its bronchodilator properties, it has found use in the treatment of respiratory disorders in humans and animals... 

A variety of tumours, e.g. oat-cell limg cancer, can make vasopressin, and of course they are not subject to normal homeostatic mechanisms. SIADH also occurs in some CNS and respiratory disorders (infection). Dilutional hyponatraemia follows, i.e. low plasma sodium with an inappropriately low plasma osmolality and high urine osmolality. When the plasma sodium approaches 120 mmol/I treatment should be with fluid restriction (< 500 ml/day). Treatment is primarily of the imderlying disorder accompanied by fluid restriction. Chemotherapy to the causative tumour or infection is likely to be the most effective treatment. Demeclocycline, which inhibits the renal action of vasopressin, is useful Infusion of isotonic or hypertonic saline must be reserved for extreme emergencies, associated with stupor, and undertaken with great caution. Rapid correction of hyponatraemia must be avoided because of the risk of central pontine myelinolysis the rate of correction must not exceed 12 mmol/1 per 24 h. 

The determination of corticosteroid beclomethasone dipropionate, the prodrag of beclomethasone used in the treatment of respiratory disorders in horses, in equine plasma and mine was reported by Guan et al. [59]. The dosing is only 325 pg per horse, posing challenges to the detection of this drag with restricted use. After LLE with methyl i-butyl ether (MTBE), the analytes and its metabolites were analysed by positive-ion LC-ESl-MS. The LOQ was 13 pg/ml for the analyte and between 25 and 50 pg/ml for its three major metabolites, which allowed detection in equine plasma up to 4 h post administration. 

The inhalation of thymol, in combination with other volatile substances, is used to alleviate the symptoms of colds, coughs, and associated respiratory disorders. Externally, thymol has been used in dusting powders for the treatment of fungal skin infections. Thymol was formerly used in the treatment of hookworm infections but has now been superseded by less toxic substances. 

Although aerosols of various forms for treatment of respiratory disorders have been in use since the middle of the twentieth century, the interest in the use of pulmonary route for systemic drug delivery is recent. Interest in this approach has been further stimulated by the demonstration of potential utility of lung as a portal for entry of peptides and the feasibility of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis. It is important to understand the mechanism of macromolecule absorption by the lungs for an effective use of this route. 

The flowers and leaves of coltsfoot have long been used to treat all kinds of respiratory disorders, but its use to prevent coughs and soothe the throat is well documented (Anonymous, 1996 Berry, 1996). In addition to treatment of respiratory ailments, coltsfoot has also been used to treat diarrhea, to purify the blood, to stimulate metabolism, to cause diuresis and sweating, and topically as a wound treatment (Blumenthal, 1998). 

Reanimation - applied in the marginally severe and severest forms of blood circulation and respiratory disorders according to the Unified treatment programme, during the three stages of the assistance. 

Horehound has been used as an herbal remedy for the treatment of respiratory disorders, including asthma, bronchitis, whooping cough, and tuberculosis, but not atherosclerosis. 

The treatment of respiratory disorders such as bronchial asthma has varied greatly. Therapies have included hot and cold compresses or baths, concentrated showers to the back of the head, as well as dried fox lungs, owl blood in wine, and chicken soup (1). In this chapter we outline the history of inhaled medications in the treatment of respiratory disease. 

Gandevia B. Historical review of the use of parasympathicolytic agents in the treatment of respiratory disorders. Postgrad Med J 1975 51 13-20. 

Akoun, G.M., et al.. Natural history of drug-induced pneumonitis. In Drug Induced Disorders, Volume 3 Treatment Induced Respiratory Disorders (Akoun, G.M., and White, J.P., eds.). New York Elsevier Scientific Publishers B.V., 1989, pp. 3-9. 

In hospitals, heliox may be used as a treatment for respiratory disorders and lung constriction in adults and premature infants. Hehox is less dense than air, which reduces the effort of breathing, and helps distribute the oxygen gas to the tissues. 

Allosedamine (113) and (+)-sedamine (119), two piperidine alkaloids isolated from Lobelia inflate, have been used for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia. While several racemic syntheses have been reported, there are much less asymmetric ones. An enantioselective route to (—)-aUosedamine (113) was developed by Raghaven et al, which commenced with addition of lithium compound 110 to the imine 109 providing the separable aUyUc amine 111 as a 3 1 mixture of diastereoisomers (Scheme 2.27) [45, 46). Six... 

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