Respirator protection

Nitronaphthalene is metabolized to the carcinogenic 2-naphthylarnine in the human body (39). Respirators, protective clothing, proper engineering controls, and medical monitoring programs for workers involved in making by-product 2-nitronaphthalene should be used. 

It is good practice to keep concentrations of airborne nickel in any chemical form as low as possible and certainly below the relevant standard. Local exhaust ventilation is the preferred method, particularly for powders, but personal respirator protection may be employed where necessary. In the United States, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) personal exposure limit (PEL) for all forms of nickel except nickel carbonyl is 1 mg/m. The ACGIH TLVs are respectively 1 mg/m for Ni metal, insoluble compounds, and fume and dust from nickel sulfide roasting, and 0.1 mg/m for soluble nickel compounds. The ACGIH is considering whether to lower the TLVs for all forms of nickel to 0.05 mg/m, based on nonmalignant respiratory effects in experimental animals. 

C. N. Davies in B. BaHantyne, ed.. Respirator Protection, Year Book Medical Pubhshers, Inc., Chicago, lU., 1981, Chapt. 4. 

Decision as to possible health hazards in mass production preliminary information on type of hazard which might exist in mass manufacture Safety of equipment necessity for ventilation, safe atmospheric concentration selection of suitable physical protective devices for workers (respirators, protective clothing, showers) procedure for medical treatment in emergency if this requires special equipment Decision as to health services needed at plant plan of preventive medicine (including selection of workers according to expected degree of exposure and methods of periodic check on health)... 

After the law is official, how is it put into practice Laws often do not include the details for compliance. For example, the USC requires the appropriate respirator protection, but it does not specify the detailed types or limitations of respirators. To make the laws work on a day-to-day level, Congress authorizes governmental organizations, including the EPA and OSHA, to create regulations and/or standards. 

Personal protective equipment is clothing and/or respiratory equipment worn to protect the body against various forms of contamination. Some of the most common forms of personal protective equipment include dust masks, air purifying respirators, protective suits made from particulates or chemically resistant materials such as Tyvek (E.I. Du Pont de Nemours Company, Inc., Wilmington, DE) and/or other fabrics, and lightweight protective rubber gloves or chemical-resistant gloves. 

Dust masks, or particulate filter respirators, protect the respiratory system against any kind of inhaled particles. The simplest type, in the form of a cone-shaped fibrous filter that fits over the nose and mouth, is held in place by an elastic band around the back of the head. It is disposable, relatively comfortable to wear, and is useful when the dust is neither excessive nor toxic. It becomes readily clogged and should be discarded and replaced whenever breathing becomes restricted. Its use should not be carried over from day to day. 

It is good practice to keep concentrations of airborne nickel in any chemical form as low as possible and certainly below the relevant standard. Local exhaust ventilation is the preferred method, particularly for powders, but personal respirator protection may be employed. 

Respirators protect the user in two basic ways. The first is by the removal of contaminants from the air. Respirators of this type include particulate respirators that filter out airborne particles and gas masks that filter out chemicals and gases. Other respirators protect by supplying clean respirable air from another source. Respirators that fall into this category include airline respirators that use compressed air from a remote source and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) that include their own air supply. 

The main adverse factor working with actinide materials is airborne dust. Personal protection should include respirators, protective clothing, surgical gloves, suitable footwear, use of wet processes wherever possible, and in operations involving... 

If a dangerous level is present, consideration must be given to using protective equipment such as a respirator. Respirators protect the individual from harmful... 

Runnion, V. (2003) OS HA to Issue Proposed Rule on Assigned Respirator Protection Factors, Clayton Groups Services, 4636 E. Marginal Way S 140, Seattle, WA, 98134, 206-763-7364. Available at vrunnion claytongrp.com. 

Subjects undergoing respirator protection tests are often required to perform simple exercises. Different testing and regulatory authorities require different exercises, but they typically include the following ... 

Ammonium Carbonate Dust respirator, protection against ammonia vapors. Leave contaminated area. Flush with water. Hush with copious amounts of fresh running water. 

Ammonium Dichromate Ehist respirator, protective goggles, gloves. Remove to clean air and summon medical attention. Immediately flush with water for at least 15 minutes. If skin irritation develops, get medical attention. Immediately flush out with water and consult a physician. 

Amyl Acetate Air-supplied mask or chemical cartridge respirator, protective gloves, goggles, safety shower, and eye bath. Move to fresh air. Flush with water. Rush with water. 

Arsenic Trioxide Chemical cartridge approved respirator, protective gloves, eye protection, full protective coveralls. Flush thoroughly with water. Remove all contaminated clothing and wash effected area with soap and water. ... 

Calcium Phosphide Dust respirator protective gloves and clothing goggles. Remove to fresh air, call a physician and alert to possibility of phosphine poisoning. Flush with water, call a physician and alert to possibility of phosphine poisoning. Flush with water, call a physician and alert to possibility of phosphine poisoning. 

Cobalt Chloride Rubber gloves side shield goggles Bu. of Mines respirator protective clothing. Move victim to fresh air if breathing has stopped, begin artificial respiration and call a doctor. Flush with water. Flush with water for at least 15 minutes consult physician if irritation persists. 

Copper Cyanide Dust respirator protective goggles or face mask protective clothing. Remove victim to fresh air. Rush with water wash with soap and water. Rush with water for at least 15 minutes. 

Dust respirator protective clothing to prevent accidental inhalation or ingestion of dust. 

Phosgene Approved by U.S. Bureau of Mines respirator, protective clothing. Remove victim from contaminated area. Enforce rest and call a physician. ... 

---