Respiration gas analysis

ANALEPTICS. After administration of an analeptic, the nurse carefully monitors the patient s respiratory rate and pattern until the respirations return to normal. The nurse monitors the level of consciousness, the blood pressure and pulse rate at 5- to 15-minute intervals or as ordered by the primary health care provider. The nurse may draw blood for arterial blood gas analysis at intervals to determine the effectiveness of the analeptic, as well as the need for additional drug therapy. It is... 

Off-gas analysis is widely used in many industrial fermentation plants to determine the cellular activity of growing cultures by monitoring respiration. One can measure oxygen uptake and CO2 production rates and thus measure metabolic activity/9 In addition, off-gas analysis is also used for monitoring other volatiles, the synthesis of which are strongly dependent on cultivation conditions 10 and product formation. 11 Off-gas estimation and control therefore serves as an indirect method for process analysis and control. 

Blood pressure, ECG, blood gas analysis, urine output and respiration are to be monitored. To correct coagulation parameters, blood transfusion may be needed. 

Pongracic S., Kirschbaum M. U. F., and Raison R. J. (1997) Comparison of soda lime and infrared gas analysis techniques for in situ measurement of forest soil respiration. Can. J. Forest Res. 27(11), 1890-1895. 

Perform arterial blood gas analysis and correct respiratory dysfunction by clearing the airways, giving oxygen and perform artificial (mechanical) respiration if required. Metabolic acidosis must also be treated by giving sodium bicarbonate according to the results of arterial pH and blood gas analyses. 

In order to understand how H2O and CO2 are exchanged between leaf tissues and the air, measurement of the photosynthetic isotope fractionation by open flow gas analysis is conducted in a gas exchange chamber under controlled conditions of temperature, light intensity and humidity, and CF-IRMS and GC are employed. " When the same method is applied to ecosystem isotope fractionation in a field experiment, the variation in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and S values primarily reflect variations in net photosynthesis (daytime) and respiration. The S and CO2 data also reflect these processes, but with added complications because of oxygen isotope exchanges with soil and leaf water pools. 

Intensive care aims at the replacement or support of deficient central functions. Important functions are respiration and a sufficient cardiac and circulation function. Monitoring the gas exchange in intensive care especially of ventilated patients requires, in addition to gas analysis at several measuring sites in the body, information on the heart function, eg, heart rate, on the pressure of the circulation system, eg, arterial pressure, and on the actual utilization of the available amount of oxygen. With regard to the methods required to achieve information that is as complete as possible, the clinical task consists in the determination of gas concentrations or partial pressures in the gas phase of the lung, airways, and equipment hoses, in the transportation system of the blood, and in the tissue. In recent years there has been an increasing importance of non-invasive methods, as invasive procedures are combined with risk and additional stress for the patient. 

Various conventional medical applications for infrared gas analyzers have been described in the literature continuous analysis of COj in respired air (Domhorst et a/., 1953) alveolar CO2 measurement (Collier et al., 1955) measurement of CO2 in respired gas mixtures (Cullen et al., 1956) measurement of CO2 in respired gases containing cyclopropane and ether (Linde and Lurie, 1959) and application to anesthesia and respiratory physiology (Powell, 1965). 

Pearl Jones was admitted to the intensive-care unit alter a car accident with approximately 3 L of blood loss three days ago. She is semiconscious but irritable and has a blood pressure (BP) of 92/40 mm Hg, pulse (P) of 140 beats/minute, and respiration (R) of 38 breaths/minute, and her skin is cool and pale with pale mucous membranes. Arterial blood-gas analysis reveals a pH of 7.32, Pco of 33 mm Hg, of 70 percent, and HCO3 of 14 mEq/L. Urine output is 200 mL for the past 24 hours. Diagnostic tests ordered include an electrolyte panel (Na% K, CP, and CO ). What additional data would be beneficial to determine care measures for Ms. Jones ... 

On 1 September he was admitted to the Accident and Emergency Department of UCL (University College London) Hospital, semiconscious, and with a rapid respiration rate (40/min). His blood pressure was 90/60 and his pulse rate was 136/min. His temperature was normal (37.1 °C). Emergency blood gas analysis revealed severe acidosis (pH 7.02) and base excess (—23) with a Po of 91 mmHg and Pco of 10 mmHg. He was transferred to intensive care and given intravenous bicarbonate. 

MDHS 14 General method for the gravimetric determination of respirable and total dust MDHS 15 Carbon disulphide MDHS 16 Mercury vapour in air Laboratory method using hopcalite adsorbent tubes, and acid dissolution with cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometric analysis MDHS 17 Benzene in air Laboratory method using charcoal adsorbent tubes, solvent desorption and gas chromatography MDHS 18 Tetra alkyl lead compounds in air Continuous on-site monitoring method using PAC Check atomic absorption spirometry... 

Scheid, P. and Piiper, J. (1971). Theoretical analysis of respiratory gas equilibration in water passing through fish gills, Respir. Physiol., 13, 305-318. 

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