Resistance of plant

Table 4. Salt resistance of plants regenerated from cell lines selected for tolerance of salt iir vitro...

For example, the resistance of plants to the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae was studied by Thipyapong and others (2004) in tomato plants into which antisense PPO cDNA was inserted. Their results showed a strong reduction of PPO activity and a dramatic increase in the susceptibility of plants, although the overall growth and development of the tomato plants was not affected by the downregulation of PPO. 

It seems reasonable that susceptibility and resistance of different plant species and different varieties within a species should depend on concentrations of endi enous antioxidants. The results of such studies do not give a clear picture Hanson et al. concluded that the range of susceptibility in petunia varieties depended on the ascorbic acid concentration, but Menser found that the ascorbic acid content of tobacco varieties was not related to ozone susceptibility. Ozone resistance of plants can be conferred by application of antioxidants. In the... 

Resistance of plants to herbivorous animals is determined in many cases by the presence in plant tissues of secondary metabolites that may cause feeding deterrence or toxocity to the animal. Insects cause damage to cereals, decreasing grain production. Development of varieties resistant to insects is then desirable for improving cereal productivity. 

Stipanovic, R. D. Williams, H. J. Smith, L. A. ACS Symposium Series. The Chemistry and Biochemistry of Natural Resistance of Plants to Pests and Diseases, in press. 

Jacobson, M. "The Neem Tree National Resistance Par excellence" In National Resistance of Plants to Pests American Chemical Society Publications pg. 225. 

Benzoic and salicylic acids. Two of the simplest plant acids arising from fraus-cinnamate are benzoic acid, accumulated in plums and cranberries, and salicylic acid, present in all green plants and accumulated as methyl esters or glycosides in some plants, e.g., those of the willow family. Salicylic acid is made by hydroxylation of benzoic acid,177 which can be formed from frans-cinnamate by P oxidation as depicted in Fig. 25-8, but it may also arise from isochoris-mate as shown in Fig. 25-2.178 Salicylic acid plays a central role in resistance of plants to a variety of... 

D4 In an emergency, can the plant pressure and/or the inventory of process materials be reduced effectively, correctly, safely What is the fire resistance of plant ( 9.5,9.6)... 

Phenolic compounds may be involved in plant responses to cold stress and in plant acclimation to low temperature. Acclimation of apple trees to cold climates was found to be associated with a seasonal accumulation of chlorogenic acid [102]. Strengthened frost tolerance in a variety of plants were attributed to thicker cell-wall lignification or suberization [102]. Thickening of cell walls and increased production of suberin-type lipids were observed in cold-acclimated winter rye leaves [103]. The presence of suberin in cell walls may favour membrane cell-wall adhesion, a major factor in the resistance of plant cells to freezing [104]. 

Basic Biological Processes rate of recovery of mice from anesthesia electrical resistance of plants rate of fungus growth rate of enzyme activity movement of protozoans healing rates of injured mice growth of plants. 

Various mechanisms have been developed by plants to alleviate stress imposed by exposure to toxic metal concentrations. Although the biochemical and molecular bases of adaptation and resistance of plant communities to high metal levels will be discussed extensively in Chapter 3, a survey summarising the possible anti-metal stress defence strategies and mechanisms forms an essential part of this chapter on toxicology. Every plant species, whether it is resistant or not to high metal concentrations, possesses defence responses against increased metal concentrations in the cell indeed. 

Resistant of plant pathogens to antibiotics Tolerance or resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics has occurred shortly after application of antibiotics for the control of plant diseases as shown in Table VI. In order to reduce or avoid the emergence of tolerant fungi and bacteria in the fields, the alternate or combined application of chemicals with different mechanisms of action is recommended. 

Purified cytochrome P450 polypeptide CYP76B1 from Helianthus tuberosus and its application as biocatalyst in particular for the degradation of environmental pollutants and for altering the resistance of plants sensitive to the phenylurea family of herbicides Patent number US6376753 (2002)... 

Enhanced resistance to disease in plants after an initial infection has fascinated observers for over 100 years. A review of the subject by Chester in 1933 contains 201 references (Jj. "Immunization", "acquired systemic resistance", or "induced resistance" of plants have been reviewed in recent years (2-11). We shall not exhaustively review the literature, but shall focus on general principles and phenomena of particular relevance to the use of "plant immunization" for the practical control of disease. This paper will stress examples from our own research program, but wi1i also include literature citations to provide the reader with an appreciation of important research contributions of others previously and presently active in the field. Most examples presented will deal with fungal, bacterial, or viral diseases of crop plants, but similar principles may apply to infestations by nematodes and, possibly, insects. 

Chemical factors are also involved in the resistance of plants to disease and in the competitive ability of a plant to survive within a community of plants. Plant stress may also generate a chemical response giving rise to compounds known as the phytoalexins, the nature of which will depend on the chemistry of the host plant (18, 19). Such response to injury or infection is of great Interest because it has stimulated investigations of the nature of the bloregulatory processes involved. 

Anthocyanidins may also be important factors - with other flavonoids - in the resistance of plants to insect attack. Thus, the complete cyanidin 3-/3-glucoside (2)(0 Scheme 2) and not only the aglycon itself was shown to protect cotton leaves against the feeding of tobacco bud-worm [1]. 

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