Resinoids Resins

Resinoid Resinoid Resins, Naturharze Respiration Veratmung Retrogradation Retrogradation Rice Reis... 

Resin additives Resin cements Resin component Resin cure systems Resin curing agents Resin formation Resin-in-pulp Resinoid Resinols Resins... 

Bond Type. Most bonded abrasive products are produced with either a vitreous (glass or ceramic) or a resinoid (usually phenoHc resin) bond. Bonding agents such as mbber, shellac, sodium siHcate, magnesium oxychloride, or metal are used for special appHcations. 

Resin and Resinoid. Natural resins are plant exudates formed by the oxidation of terpenes. Many are acids or acid anhydrides. Prepared resins are made from oleoresins from which the essential oil has been removed. A resinoid is prepared by hydrocarbon extraction of a natural resin. 

U.S. phenoHc resin manufacturers include AHiedSignal Inc./Bendix Ashland Chemical, Inc. Borden, Inc. Dexter Corp. Dyno Polymers Georgia-Pacific Corp. Neste Resins Corp. Occidental Chemical Corp. Owens-Corning Corp. Plastics Engineering Co. PMC, Inc. Resinoid Engineering... 

Extractives of resinous materials by a hydrocarbon type solvent. The extractives are both volatile and non-volatile materials, and the resinous substance used is non-cellular in nature, e.g. Olibanum resinoid. 

Resinoids are prepared by extracting plant exudates (balsams, oleo gum resins, natural oleo resins, and resinous products) with solvents such as methanol, ethanol, or toluene. Yields range from 50 to 95%. The products are usually highly viscous and are sometimes diluted (e.g., with phthalates or benzyl benzoate) to improve their flow and processing properties. 

Resinoids mainly consist of nonvolatile, resinous compounds and are primarily used for their excellent flxative properties. 

Benzoe Siam resinoid is obtained by solvent extraction of the resin from Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich trees (Styracaceae). The wild growing Styrax tree is widespread in Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. 

Elemi oil, Elemi resinoid are obtained from exuded gum resin of Canarium luzonicum (Miqu.) A. Gray (Burseraceae), a tree growing in the Phillipines. The resin is extracted with a solvent to form the resinoid, which is a yellow to orange mass of high viscosity. The oil is produced by steam distillation of the gum resin and is a colorless to light yellow liquid. 

The major components of elemi oil are limonene (40-72%), a-phellandrene (10-24%), and the sesquiterpene alcohol elemol (1-25%) [488-491]. Both the resinoid and the oil have a fresh, citrus-like, peppery odor and are used predominantly in soap perfumes. (FCT 1976 (14) p. 755 [8023-89-0] (oil), [9000-74-2] (resin). 

Olibanum oil and olibanum resinoid are obtained from frankincense, which is a gum resin collected from the bark of the tree Boswellia carterii Birdw. or B. frereana Birdw. (Burseraceae) growing in Arabia and Somalia. The resinoid is produced by solvent extraction, and steam distillation gives the oil, which is a pale yellow, slightly viscous liquid with a balsamic odor and a faint lemon note. 

Opopanax oil and opopanax resinoid are obtained from the resin of Commiphora erythraea Engl. var. glabrescens Engl., a tree growing in Somalia (Burseraceae). The resinoid is prepared by solvent extraction, and steam distillation of the resin gives the essential oil, which is a yellow to greenish-yellow liquid with a warm, sweet, balsamic odor. 

Tolu balsam resinoid is produced by extraction of the balsam of Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms (Fabaceae). It is a dark orange brown mass with a sweet, resinous, long-lasting odor, reminiscent of hyacinth. An essential oil is also distilled from the balsam. 

Photograph c—Large, red resin body appears at right center of picture, with a band of micrinoid material extending across photograph above the red resinoid. Abundant microspores (exinoid) and finely divided micrinite (micrinoid) together with vitrinoids comprise the remainder of this section. 

In 1909, Leo Baekeland, a Belgian chemist, patented the process for manufacturing a plastic material called bakelite. When phenol and formaldehyde are heated together in alkaline solution, they combine to form an amber coloured resin-like solid called resinoid. 

By the early part of the twentieth century, pure grades of volatile hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene and hexane became available through progress in petroleum-refining methods. They were found to be very useful for the extraction of fragrant plants and plant materials. If the plant material extracted is rich in waxes (as is generally the case with flowers, stems, and leaves), these are also taken up in the extract. After careful removal of the volatile solvent by distillation, a waxy concrete remains behind. This is then washed with alcohol to separate the fragrance materials, which are soluble in alcohol, from the insoluble waxes. An absolute is then produced by the removal of the alcohol by distillation, usually under reduced pressure. Certain plant materials that contain no water, such as resins or dried leaves and mosses, may be extracted directly with alcohol. The extracts obtained—often sticky, viscous, and resiny—are called resinoids. 

If the residue from the initial extraction is of a resinous nature, it is called a resinoid, e.g. benzoin, myrrh, frankincense. Many resinoids will yield essential oils when distilled if they contain sufficiently volatile aromatic constituents. 

Polymerization reactions involve the union of a number of similar molecules to form a single complex molecule. A polymer is any compound, each molecule of which is formed out of a number of molecules which are all alike, and which are called monomers. In many cases polsonerization can be reversed and the poisoner be resolved to the monomer. Many polymerization reactions which are of industrial importance involve in the initial stages condensations, that is, reactions in which elimination of water or other simple molecules takes place. Compounds which polymerize have some type of unsaturation in the molecule. Olefins, unsaturated halides, esters, aldehydes, dicarboxylic acids, anhydrides, amino acids and amides are among the important groups of compounds which are used in industrial polymerization reactions. The commercial products produced by polymerization reactions may be conveniently classified into (a) resinotds, or synthetic resins (b) elastomers, which possess rubber-like properties and (c) fibroids, used as textile fibers. Two types of resinoids are illustrated in this experiment Bakelite, formed from phenol and formaldehyde, and methacrylate resin formed from an unsaturated ester. 

The acrylate resinoids are esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid. Methyl methacrylate, CH2 = C(CH3)COOH3, is a liquid ester which polymerizes to a transparent resin of high tensile strength. The polymerization is brought about by catalysts such as peroxides and heat. The polymerization is assumed to take place by addition to form linear molecules ... 

Resinoid. piesinoid Engineering] Phenolic resin, some glass or fabric reinforced thetmoset fix inj transfer, and ctmipression molding. 

Formaldehyde was essential not only for the production of Bakelite, but also for some of the important plastics introduced, in part, because of the difficulty of producing water-white sheet material from phenolic resinoids [Bakelite]. This had led to the development of urea plastics in 1924 and later vinyl, styrol, and acrylic resins. In... 

L. resin with an appropriate solvent (e.g., toluene) leads to the so-called L. resinoid (sometimes called L rubber resinoid or L. rubber concrete), yield ca. 50%. Precipitation of wax-containing components with alcohol leads to the so-called L. absolute, yield 80-90% this product is also prepared by direct extraction of the resin with alcohol. So-called colorless , light , or clear L. absolutes can be obtained from the normally dark colored L. absolute by dissolving it in hexane. The essential L. oil is obtained from the resin by steam distillation, yield 0.1 -0.2% this product should not be confused with Cistus oil, obtained by steam distillation of young leaves and twigs of Cistus bushes the latter is of less significance for perfumery. 

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