Resin Characteristics

OLEORESIN. Any of a number of mixtures of essential oils and resins characteristic of the tree or plant from which they are derived. Most types are semi-sohd and tacky at room temperature, becoming soft and sticky at high temperatures. They have various distinctive odors. See also Balsam Oils, Essential and Rosin. 

N. Orbey and J. M. Dealy, Isothermal Swell of Extrudate from Annular Dies Effects of Die Geometry, Flow Rate, and Resin Characteristics, Polym. Eng. Sci., 24, 511-518 (1984). 

Such alternative methods of glue spreading can reduce glue consumption by 20% or more and are suitable for mechanical layup systems. Resin costs are contained further by adding fillers and extenders that both bulk and contribute to adhesion. They modify many resin characteristics such as viscosity and cure rate, and can contribute up to 50% of the resin volume. 

An introduction to the typical resin synthesis of a UF resin used as an adhesive for wood products and in industrial applications is given below. It constitutes a handy formulation for those who want to work in this field. It is not a low-formaldehyde-emission formulation. To 1000 parts by mass of 42% formaldehyde solution (methanol < 1%) are added 22% NaOH solution to pH 8.3 to 8.5,497 parts by mass of 99% urea, and the temperature raised in 50 min from ambient to 90°C while maintaining pH in the range 7.3 to 7.6 by small additions of 22% NaOH. The temperature is maintained at 90 to 91°C until the turbidity point is reached (generally another 15 to 20 min). The pH is then corrected to 4.8 to 5.1 by addition of 30% formic acid, and the temperature is raised to 98°C. The water tolerance point is reached in 18 min and the pH is then adjusted to 8.7. Vacuum distillation of the reaction water with concomitant cooling is then initiated. After distillation of the wanted amount of water to reach a resin content of 60 to 65%, the resin is cooled to 40°C, 169 parts by mass of second urea is added, the pH is adjusted to 8.5 to 8.7, and the resin is allowed to mature at 30°C for 24 to 48 h resin characteristics solids content, 60% density, 1.268 g/cm free HCHO, 0.4% viscosity, 200cP pH, 8. 

Lu, F.M. Spruiell, J.E. (1987). The influence of resin characteristics on the high speed melt spinning of isotactic polypropylene. I. Effect of molecular weight and its distribution on structure and mechanical properties of as-spun filaments JAppl. Polym. Sci., Vol.34, Issue 4, pp.1521-1539. 

One mole of phenol was mixed with 0.35 mol of NaOH as a 30% aqueous solution and 1.2 mol of formaldehyde (as a 37% formalin solution) were added in a reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer, heating facility, and a reflux condenser. After stirring for 10 min at 30°C, 0.24 mol of urea were added and the temperature was slowly increased to reflux (94°C) over a period of 30 min and under continuous mechanical stirring and kept at reflux for fiorther 30 min. 0.5 mol of formaldehyde (as a 37% formalin solution) were then added. The reaction mixture was now at pH 11 and the reaction continued at reflux until the resin achieved a viscosity (measured at 25°C) between 500 and 800 mPa s. The resin was then cooled and stored. Resin characteristics were pH = 11, and resin solids content = 50 1%. 

Also in filament winding the processing behavior is strongl y dependent on resin characteristics. The final fiber content is a fimction of the radud motion of the fiber with respect to the resin during winding. This motion is a consequence of the forces acting on toe fibers toe imposed tension and toe friction between toe fiber and toe resin that is a function of matrix viscosity. 

Numerous additives to improve PF resins characteristics are added at times to the resins. Among these are condensed vegetable tannins, isocyanates and urea. ... 

Chlorinated paraffin wax n. Ordinary paraffin wax can be chlorinated, under certain conditions, to yield products which no longer resemble the parent wax, but which have assumed definite resinous characteristics. The amount of chlorine present determines the physical properties of the resultant waxes. These with smaller amounts of chlorine are liquids, whereas those with about 70% chlorine are brittle resins. Their applications are in fire-retarding compositions and as plasticizers. 

In addition to the preceding resin characteristics, other factors must... 

Decisions made in each of the previous areas influence the layout and sizing of the resin distribution system. It must accommodate all of the requirements of the storage, blending, drying, and scrap recovery operations while taking into account resin characteristics and plant layouts. It is typically one of the final items designed aft er many other system decisions have been made. 

While processing with RFI technology, various aspects need to be considered, such as preform characteristics, resin flow through the preform, heating rates, resin characteristics, cure kinetics, etc. Pros and cons of RFI are listed in Table 14.14 and more information on RFI can be seen in Chapter 14. 

There are about 10 manufacturers of LDPE in North America. The top six include Equistar Chemicals, LP, The Dow Chemical Co., Exxon Mobil Corp., Chevron Phillips Chemical Co., DnPont, and Westlake Polymer Corp. Each company has their own trade names and specific grade slates for various applications. Data sheets and MSDSs are available from each snppUer and many have them available on their web sites. A typical product data sheet will cover resin characteristics snch as melt index and density, as well as typical final product properties, such as film tear and tensile and impact strength. The tests will identify the ASTM test methods and the data sheet will nsnally have the conditions imder which the test samples were made. There will also be an indication of the FDA and food contact statns of the resin and the applications for which the resin is suited. 

PlaStiSOlS. Plastisols, commonly called pastes, are dispersions of PVC powders in plasticizers. A wide range of plasticizers are used in plastisol formulations, but the most widely used are C4-C12 esters such as phthalates, adipates, azelates, sebacates, trimellitates, and phosphates. Chlorinated paraffins are used as secondary plasticizers. A good plasticizer should have low volatility, low color value, neutral reaction, resistance to hydrolysis, insolubility in water, flame resistance, and nontoxicity. As no plasticizer can satisfy all these properties, several plasticizers are mixed to achieve the desired properties of the final prodnct. Table 8 shows the influence of plasticizers on plastisol properties Table 9, the inflnence of plasticizers on final product properties and Table 10, the inflnence of resin characteristics on plastisol and final prodnct properties. 

Table 10. Influence of Resin Characteristics on Plastisol and Final Product Properties...

Plastisol and product properties Effect of resin characteristics ... 

Permanent internal antistatic agent for use in polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, ABS, HIPS and SAN resins. Characteristics ... 

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