Research Organizations

A note of caution is necessary for companies seeking to enter contract research in Western countries and Japan. Because of the low salaries of Chinese and Indian scientists and their longer work hours, the cost advantage of Asian competitors is even more dramatic than in other segments of the hne-chemical industry. Whereas the prime cost of Indian custom manufacturers is about 40% of their Western competitors, it is only 20% for contract research Attracted by FTEs of 60,000 in the East versus 200,000 in the West, big pharma in particular is gravitating to these firms at the expense of their traditional USA- and EU-based CROs. 

Contrary to big pharma, the small and medium, chemistry-poor biotech companies, which often are betting on just one compound, are not willing to run the risk of a long-distance relationship that could go wrong. A number of US and Canadian CROs located on the West Coast of North America, where there is also a high concentration of virtual pharmaceutical companies, are specifically targeting this niche market. 

In the United States, the decision of Adesis, New Castle, DE to cut its staff from 40 to 25 and that of ArOule, Woburn, MA, one of the largest 

Fim Chemicals The Industry and the Business, by Peter Poliak Copyright 2007 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

USA-based CROs to exit from the chemical services business altogether, speaks volumes about the state of the business today. 

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The DIPPR is a research organization sponsored by the AlChE (American Institute of Chemical Engineers). Its objective is to develop a thermophysical data bank for the components most frequently encountered in the chemical industry. 

Brit. Pat. Appl. 2,136,013 (Sept. 1984), D. Seddon and S. Bessell (to Broken HiU Pty. Co. Ltd., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization. 

D. Greninger, V. KoUonitsch, and C. H. Kline, Eead Chemicals International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Inc., New York, 1975, p. 173. 

E. C. Porter, Zinc Handbook Properties, Processing, and Use in Design, International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1991. 

Citations appear in patents as weU as in the journal Hterature, and it has been proposed that they, too, should become searchable to provide different types of usefiil information, such as research trends and estimates of the effectiveness of research organizations. Elaborate techniques for using citation data for such analyses have been developed (19,20). However, citations found in patents can differ in a number of ways from Hterature citations and these differences can strongly color search results (21,22). 

Other variations of the fuming process under development by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization in Clayton, Austraha, promise even greater efficiencies of metal recovery (5). 

B. C. Hafford, W. E. Pepper, and T. B. Lloyd, Zinc Dust and Zinc Powder International Lead Ziac Research Organization, New York, 1982. 

Engineering Properties of Zinc Alloys, International Lead Ziuc Research Organization, New York, 1980, pp. 1—36. 

J. W. Kissel and K. E. Dufrane, The Bearing Properties of Zinc Gravity CastingAlloys, ILZRO Project ZM-298, Progress Report No. 2, International Lead Ziuc Research Organization, New York, 1980. 

R. A. Eppler and D. S. Carr, in Proceedings of the 3rd International Cadmium Conference, International, Lead Zinc Research Organization, New York, 1982,... 

The submitters used tellurium tetrachloride available from E. Merck A G. The checkers purchased the reagent from Research Organic/ Inorganic Chemical Corporation. 

Comite Scientifique et Technique des Industries de Chauffage (French Heating Research Organization)... 

Centre Scientifique et Technique des Batiment (French Building Research Organization) CSM... 

Institute National de Recherche et de Securie (The French Research Organization dealing with the Prevention of Occupational Accidents and Diseases)... 

Mallinckrodt Baker Research Organics Sigma-Aldrich Fine Chemicals... 

Penta Manufacturing Pfanstiehl Laboratories Research Organics Spectiiim Chemical Mfg. 

Has a world-wide database of federal and non-profit environmental research organizations that focus on the multiple aspects of global environmental change, including the regional effects on natural ecosystems, environments and resources as well as on human health, culture and social systems. 

European Council for Plasticisers and hitermediates (ECPI), 257 European Council of Vmyl Manufacturers (ECVM), 257 European Crop Protection Association (ECPA), 257 European Environmental Agency (EEA), 282 European Environmental Research Organization, 276 European Fertilizer Manufacturers Association (EFMA), 257... 

Progress reports Nos 9 and 10, Project ZM-287 International Lead Zinc Research Organization, 292 Madison Avenue, New York 10017, USA... 

Control laboratories in the canned food industry are usually divorced from the research organization to a lesser degree than is the case in the chemical and allied industries. For this reason, a closer relationship exists between the problems of the control laboratory and the research laboratory. Although from a research standpoint this condition is often considered undesirable, it has considerable merit in the case of the canned food industry, in which production may be seasonal and often of rather short duration. The collection of control data in many instances may also serve for research purposes—for example, in the case of soil analyses, which may be correlated with agricultural research designed to improve crop yields. Because the variables which affect the quality of canned foods must usually be investigated rather extensively, and often over a period of more than one year, the application of statistical methods to data collected for control purposes can conceivably make a substantial contribution to a research program. 

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