Research Development Chemicals

Degussa AG, Silicas and Chemical Catalysts Division, Applied Research Development Chemical Catalysts and Zeolites, P.O. Box 1345, D-63403 Hanau, Germany. 

Methodology. Practitioners of chemical market research develop iadividual styles and techniques. However, four elements are essential to every useful study defining the problem, data gathering, analysis of data, and presentation of findings. 

Hardly a raw material used by the chemical industry has been unaffected by the continuing ripple effect of on-and-off inflation. Raw material prices have not risen evenly. Shifts in relative prices of competing materials continue to occur. Healing with these shifts is a significant challenge to market research and chemical buyer personnel. It must be stressed that a total view of prices, availabiUty, and competing demands is now required and developments must be constandy monitored. 

Sponsor U.S. Army Chemical Research, Development and Engineering Center (CRDEC). Developer Stevens T, Chan Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551-9900, Phone (501)422-1822 Diana L. West, L-795 Technology Transfer... 

Dr. Timothy T. Curran Department of Chemical R D Pfizer Global Research Development 2800 Plymouth Road Ann Arbor, MI 48105... 

Rocky Flats is a Government-owned and contractor-operated facility which originated in 1952. The plant s primary missions are metal fabrication, assembly, and chemical processing—with emphasis on production-related research and development. Chemical processing activities involve the recovery of plutonium from Rocky Flats Plant scrap, waste materials and residues, and effluent streams. The final product of this recovery and purification effort is high-purity plutonium metal for use in foundry operations. 

As chemical engineering research develops new design and control tools to deal with these factors, these tools should be integrated into the curriculum. Process safety research is generally more advanced in industry than it is in... 

Andersen ME, Krishman K. 1994. Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically-based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. In H. Salem, ed. Current concepts and approaches on animal test alternatives. U.S. Army Chemical Research Development and Engineering Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. 

Recent research development of hydrodynamics and heat and mass transfer in inverse and circulating three-phase fluidized beds for waste water treatment is summarized. The three-phase (gas-liquid-solid) fluidized bed can be utilized for catalytic and photo-catalytic gas-liquid reactions such as chemical, biochemical, biofilm and electrode reactions. For the more effective treatment of wastewater, recently, new processing modes such as the inverse and circulation fluidization have been developed and adopted to circumvent the conventional three-phase fluidized bed reactors [1-6]. 

Experiments were carried out using isotopically labelled methanol (97% 0) and ethanol (98% purchased from MSD Isotopes. Anhydrous isobutanol was purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc. and contained the natural abimdances of orygen isotopes, i.e. 99.8% and 0.2% O. Nafion-H was obtained fi om C. G. Processing, Inc. and Amberlyst resins were provided by Rohm and Haas. The 2SM-5 zeolite was provided by Mobil Research Development Corp. H-Mordenite, montmorillonite K-10, and silica-alumina 980 were obtained firom Norton, Aldrich, and Davison, respectively. y-AIumina was prepared from Catapal-B fi om Vista. 

Achour, Z., Laidboeur, T., Gien, O., Musolino, A., Bon, X., Grimaud, B. (2005) Sanofi-Synthelabo Chemical Development and the Development of an Electronic Laboratory Notebook. Organic Process Research Development, 8, 983-997. 

Second, partnerships between materials developers and end users must be facilitated and encouraged. In some cases, this step may mean an R D consortium between university researchers, a chemical or materials company, and a product manufacturer. The National Institute of Standards and Technology s Advanced Technology Program (NIST ATP) is a good model that should be expanded. Several projects that have been funded are examples of this integration of research-development-commercialization by universities, a materials supplier, and an end-user product manufacturer. 

Laser desorption methods (such as LD-ITMS) are indicated as cost-saving real-time techniques for the near future. In a single laser shot, the LDI technique coupled with Fourier-transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) can provide detailed chemical information on the polymeric molecular structure, and is a tool for direct determination of additives and contaminants in polymers. This offers new analytical capabilities to solve problems in research, development, engineering, production, technical support, competitor product analysis, and defect analysis. Laser desorption techniques are limited to surface analysis and do not allow quantitation, but exhibit superior analyte selectivity. 

The hormone itself can introduce complexity into bioassays. Many hormones must now be seen and understood not as chemical entities but as chemical pathways where hormonal activity is distributed across a number of chemical species. The more we learn about the pharmacological properties of members of a pathway, the more we are realizing that each one has a mix of common and unique properties. The practical point is that we must be careful about which hormone we choose to drive our bioassays. A hormonal chemical pathway may contain sinks as well as sources. Metabolism and uptake of a hormone can introduce significant distortions into bioassays. All of these factors leave their fingerprints on dose-response curves, and a pharmaceutical researcher developing a new bioassay has to learn to read the signs. 

Hoekstra, M.S., Sobieray, D.M., Schwindt, M.A. et al. (1997) Chemical development of CI-1008, an enantio-merically pure anticonvulsant. Organic Process Research Development, 1 (1), 26-38. 

Chemical Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Bldg. 205, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA, wangq cmt.anl.gov Department of Research Development, Amtek Research International, 250 North Hansard Avenue, Lebanon,OR, 97355, USA, rwaterhouse amtek-research.com... 

A number of optical chemical sensor systems have been developed for food and packaging applications and proven their utility. Some sensors, such as phase-fluorimetric oxygen sensor, have already reached high degree of maturity and demonstrated their potential for use on a mass scale. While the others still require extensive research, development and search for new solutions, so as to match basic practical requirements for such sensors. The experience and lessons learned with current optical sensor systems must be... 

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