Reproductive disorders female

Increased frequency of female reproductive disorders (USPHS 1994) Increased frequency of menstrual dysfunction (USPHS 1994)... 

Scialli AR, Swan SH, Amier RW, Baird DD, Eskenazi B, Gist G, Hatch MC, Kesner S. Lemasters GK, Marcus M, Paul ME, Schulte P, Taylor Z, Wilcox AJ, Zahniser C (1997) Assessment of reproductive disorders and birth defects in communities near hazardous chemical sites. II. Female reproductive disorders. Reprod Toxicol, 11 231-242. 

The number of individuals affected by reproductive disorders is difficult to assess, and few population-based data are available for either men or women. Noticeably absent are data on fecundity and fertility impairments affecting men and only limited information on male-mediated developmental outcomes exists. Population-based data for impaired female fertility are available for select endpoints from the National Surveys of Family Growth (NSFG), which are conducted periodically and most recently in 1995. Data from the NSFG show that 6.2 million women (10.2%) between the ages of 15 and 44 in the United States had impaired fertility in 1995 (Stephen 1996). This number was estimated to increase to 6.3 million women in 2000 (Stephen and Chondra 1998). Other reproductive disorders in females that impact fecundity include endometriosis and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The prevalence of endometriosis in women of reproductive age is reported to be 10% (Houston 1984 Olive and Schwartz 1993), and no population-based prevalence data exist for PCOS. 

Though EDCs can affect immunological responses, the most studied effects of EDCs are the reproductive and developmental ones. These, which include male and female reproductive disorders, transgenerational effects and developmental effects on the fetus in utero and the developing... 

Scott MG, Ladenson JH, Green ED, Cast MJ. Hormonal evaluation of female infertility and reproductive disorders, Clin Chem 1989 35 620-9. 

POSSIBLE REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD OVEREXPOSURE MAY CAUSE (FEMALE, MALE) REPRODUCTIVE DISORDER(S) ... 

Pfizer Ltd. Summaiy of mpublishedrepcrts female reproductive disorders possibly associated with Diflucan. Data cn file (RefDIFLU dtflu41.1X 1990. 

Though EDCs can effect immunological responses, the most studied effects of EDCs are the reproductive and developmental ones. These, which include male and female reproductive disorders, trans-generational and developmental effects on the fetus in utero, and the developing child will be addressed further in the infertility and development chapters. The reader is referred to the epic work of Theo Colbom, Dianne Dumanoski, and John Peterson Myers, Our Stolen Future [15], to the aforanentioned WHO report [13] and to the literature [16,17] for review discussions of the subject. 

M ale and female hormones play a vital role because they aid in development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics and are necessary for human reproduction. Although hormones are naturally produced by die body, administration of a male or female hormone may be indicated in the treatment of certain disorders, such as inoperable breast cancer, male hypogonadism, and male or female hormone deficiency. Hormones also are used as contraceptives and for treating the symptoms of menopause... 

As would be expected, khat overuse produces symptoms similar to those of other monoamine stimulants, such as cocaine or amphetamine, including signs of sympathetic overarousal. In the extreme this can involve a toxic psychosis. Disorders more frequently associated with chronic khat use in males are headaches, anorexia, insomnia, constipation, and respiratory illnesses (Kennedy et al. 1983). Females report higher incidences of acute gastritis, jaundice, bronchitis and hepatic diseases. Also, cathinone has toxic reproductive effects in humans and experimental animals (Islam et al. 1990). It decreases sperm count and motility, and increases the number of abnormal sperm cells. It also decreases plasma testosterone in rats. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact. Human systemic effects by inhalation muscle weakness, headache, and irritability. Human female reproductive effects by inhalation menstrual cycle changes and disorders. A severe eye irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also ETHERS. 

Key Words Chasteberry flavonoids flavones essential fatty acids female reproductive system disorders estrogenic herbs. 

Current promoted uses of V. agnus-castus relate to treatment of disorders of the female reproductive system such as short menstrual cycles, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and breast swelling and pain (mastodynia/ mastalgia). The Commission E has approved the use of V. agnus-castus for irregularities of the menstrual cycle, premenstrual complaints, and mastalgia (10,11). Recent randomized, placebo-controlled studies have been conducted... 

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