Representative examples

Figure C 1.2.10. Representative examples of fullerene based donor-bridge-acceptor dyads and triads.

Figure 10.3-39. A substructure search in a catalog of fine chemicals. The precursor illustrated may be needed for the synthesis of a library, A substructure is defi ned by setting an open site at the position of the R group. Some representative examples of the 69 compounds in the Acros catalog which were obtained are shown.

In the following section representative examples of the development of finite element schemes for most commonly used differential and integral viscoelastic models are described. 

One can start building up a list of MM3 parameters by use of the TINKER analyze command. Don t expect to build up the entire set, which occupies about 100 pages in the MM3 user s manual, but do obtain a few representative examples to get an idea of how a parameter set is constr ucted. From previous exercises and projects, you should have input and output geometries for an alkene, an alkane, and water. From these, the object is to determine the stretching and bending parameters for the C—C, C=C, C—H, and O—H bonds. The C—H bond parameters are not the same... 

METHOD 4 This is a P2P recipe that Strike has no hand in. Strike never even knew about it until Strike saw everybody talking about it on the net. But it seems to be extremely popular. Shulgin has written about it. Uncle Fester, Strike understands, has written about it. And there seems to be a lot of posts regarding its high success rates. Most people get started from the method description in the patent literature where they were first published. The following are some representative examples from the U.S. Patent 4,638,094 Process for Producing Phenylacetones ... 

Method I. This procedure is used for most ketone reactions. A representative example is the reductive amination of cyclopenta-none [P2P] with hexamethyleneimine [MeNHa] Hexamethyl-eneamine (I.Og, lOmmol) and cylclopentanone (0.84g, lOmmol) were mixed in 1,2-dichloroethane (35mL) and then treated with... 

The next major category of precursors, apart from the phenylace-tones, are the P-Nitropropenes. One can see the two representative examples for X and meth in the little drawing below ... 

Although Strike found most of these articles on Strike s own, our good friend and learned scholar Osmium emailed Strike some of the above group s articles and quite a few more that we will get at in just a bit. The following methods can be read about in the original articles in which they were published [49-51]. But there is a nice review by the same authors in which a representative example of each of their methods is included [52]. The following were taken from that review. X and speed chemists just substitute an equimolar amount of their respective p-Nitropropene for the one in the methods below. Also, it should be obvious that these reduction methods will work just fine on 2CB and other phenethylamine intermediates. 

The composition of the products from the isomerization of an unsaturated compound under the influence of a catalytic amount of a base is governed by the relative thermodynamic stabilities of the starting compound and the product. Of particular synthetic interest are isomerizations in which there is an accumulation of an isomer in the isomerization sequence. Isolation of the desired intermediate in a reasonable state of purity is often a matter of careful selection of the base and the solvent. The following reactions are representative examples ... 

Nevertheless, they are stable to standard work-up and purification methods. The benzenesulfonyl group can be introduced using base and an aprotic solvent[3] or under phase transfer conditions[4], Table 9.2 gives some representative examples of acylation and sulfonylations. 

Various uses have been proposed for aminothiazoles in the field of photography. The more representative examples are given in Table VI-15. The 4-aminothia2ole derivative (425) has been reported to be efficient fog stabilizer for photographic emulsions (1019) (Scheme 241). 

To identify the carbonyl compound and the ylide required to produce a given alkene mentally disconnect the double bond so that one of its carbons is derived from a car bonyl group and the other is derived from an ylide Taking styrene as a representative example we see that two such disconnections are possible either benzaldehyde or formaldehyde is an appropriate precursor... 

Although the term terpene once referred only to hydrocarbons current usage includes functionally substituted derivatives as well grouped together under the general term isoprenoids Figure 26 6 (page 1086) presents the structural formulas for a number of representative examples The isoprene units m some of these are relatively easy to identify The three isoprene units m the sesquiterpene farnesol, for example are mdi cated as follows m color They are joined m a head to tail fashion... 

Type V isotherms of water on carbon display a considerable variety of detail, as may be gathered from the representative examples collected in Fig. 5.14. Hysteresis is invariably present, but in some cases there are well defined loops (Fig. 5.14(b). (t ), (capillary-condensed water. Extreme low-pressure hysteresis, as in Fig. 5.14(c) is very probably due to penetration effects of the kind discussed in Chapter 4. 

V Representative Examples of Glass Membrane r Ion-Selective Electrodes ... 

Few potentiometric biosensors are commercially available. As shown in Figures 11.16 and 11.17, however, available ion-selective and gas-sensing electrodes may be easily converted into biosensors. Several representative examples are described in Table 11.5, and additional examples can be found in several reviews listed in the suggested readings at the end of the chapter. 

Representative Examples for the Controlled-Potential Coulometric Analysis of Inorganic Ions... 

Representative Examples of Coulometric Titrations Using Acid-Base, Complexation, and Precipitation Reactions... 

Representative Examples of Analytes Determined by Stripping Voltammetry... 

HPLC is routinely used for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of environmental, pharmaceutical, industrial, forensic, clinical, and consumer product samples. Figure 12.30 shows several representative examples. 

Constituents. Complex halogenated organic compounds have been widely used in commerce in the last fifty years. A few representative examples are shown in Eigure 9 pentachlorophenol has been widely used as a wood preservative, and also for termite control. 

Acid-C t lyzed Chemistry. Acid-catalyzed reactions form the basis for essentially all chemically amplified resist systems for microlithography appHcations (61). These reactions can be generally classified as either cross-linking (photopolymerization) or deprotection reactions. The latter are used to unmask acidic functionality such as phenohc or pendent carboxyhc acid groups, and thus lend themselves to positive tone resist apphcations. Acid-catalyzed polymer cross-linking and photopolymerization reactions, on the other hand, find appHcation in negative tone resist systems. Representative examples of each type of chemistry are Hsted below. 

Fig. 9. Representative examples of 6 (a, b) tetrahedral (c) trigonal and (d) circular recognition.

Table 1. Some Representative Examples of Heterogeneous Sonochemistry...

Pig. 22. Schematic representation of typical pressure drop as a function of superficial gas velocity, expressed in terms of G = /9q tiQ, in packed columns. O, Dry packing , low Hquid flow rate I, higher Hquid flow rate. The points do not correspond to actual experimental data, but represent examples. 

Compounds containing fluorine and chlorine are also donors to BF3. Aqueous fluoroboric acid and the tetrafluoroborates of metals, nonmetals, and organic radicals represent a large class of compounds in which the fluoride ion is coordinating with trifluoroborane. Representative examples of these compounds are given in Table 5. Coordination compounds of boron trifluoride with the chlorides of sodium, aluminum, iron, copper, 2inc, tin, and lead have been indicated (53) they are probably chlorotrifluoroborates. 

These furnaces may operate batchwise or continuous. In the batch, intermittent, or periodic types, the content is heated at the desired temperature for the stipulated time and then removed. In the continuous type, the charge moves at a predeterrnined rate through one or more heating 2ones to emerge in most cases at the end opposite the point of entry. Figures 9 and 10 are representative examples of typical, industrial refractory-wall furnaces. 

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