Reinforced masonry design

Schneider 1987, Reinforced Masonry Design, second edition, R. R. Schneider and W. L. Dickey, Prentice-Hall, Inc, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1987... 

NCMA, Reinforced Concrete Masonry Design, National Concrete Masonry Association, Herndon, VA, 1971. 

This chapter provides material properties and response criteria necessary to design facilities constructed of reinforced concrete, reinforced masonry, structural stcc and cold formed steel. Static and dynamic properties are covered for the materials used in these facilities. Allowable response criteria are covered for both... 

AH masonry must be reinforced and details typically used for reinforced masonry construction arc applicable to blast resistant design. 

Limit state design methods are used in blast resistant design. These methods provide a comprehensive, reliable and realistic means of predicting failure mechanisms and structural capacities. Limit state design methods for structural steel, cold formed steel, reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry are available. However, as of now, no similar design specification is available for aluminum structures. 

Masonry, both reinforced and unrein forced, is a common construction material in petrochemical facilities. However, unreinforced masonry is inappropriate in blast resistant design due to its limited strength and its nonductile failure mechanisms. Reinforced masonry walls with independent structural framing for vertical loads arc commonly used in blast resistant design. 

After testing the unstrengthened reinforced masonry (URM) building - designed per (Magenes et al. 2010) and constructed by EUCENTRE staff - severe damage at more than seven locations were visible (Figs. 9.8 and 9.9). A characteristic attribute was the wooden floor between the two levels with its very low shear stiffness. This... 

Tobriner S (1984b) A history of reinforced masonry construction designed to resist earthquakes 1755-1907. Earthq Spectra 1(1) 125-149... 

Haach VG (2009) Development of a design method for reinforced masonry subjected to in-plane loading based on experimental and numerical analysis. PhD thesis. University of Minho, Guimaraes,... 

In all blast-resistant structures (steel, concrete, or masonry) special attention should be given to the integrity of connections between structural elements up to the point of maximum response. For example, it is important to prevent premature brittle failure of welded connections to avoid stress concentrations or notches at joints in steel structures and to provide ductile reinforcement detailing in concrete/masonry structure connections. For all materials, it is recommended that connections be designed to be stronger than the connected structural members such that the more ductile member will govern the design over the more brittle connection. 

For structural and cold formed steel, the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method is used. The Strength Design Method is used for reinforced concrete and masonry materials. Details on the Implementation of these methods arc given in subsequent sections in this chapter for each class of material. 

BS 5628 Code of practice for use of masonry . Part 1 Structural use of unreinforced masonry , 1992 Part 2 Structural use of reinforced and prestressed masonry , 1995 Part 3 Materials and components, design and workmanship , 1985 (being revised 1997). 

Drilling stone with diamond bits is now widely used and concrete, both plain and steel reinforced, brickwork and other masonry have been drilled for many years using diamond core bits (Fig. 61). These tools can range in size from approximately 20 mm to in excess of a meter. They are all metal bonded tools and were until recently designed to operate with water as a coolant. In some areas, the use of water can be inconvenient and a relatively recent development has been the design of core bits which do not need to be cooled with water. These dry drill bits are widely used on construction sites to produce accurate holes in walls for electrical, plumbing and other services (Fig. 62). 

ACI 440.7R-10 (2010). Guide for the Design and Construction of Externally Bonded Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Systems for Strengthening Unreinforced Masonry Structures. 

With the advent of tensile and fabric architecture came a freedom of form which had been generally either lacking or difficult to achieve with more traditional structural materials such as timber, masonry, steel and reinforced concrete. Perhaps for the first time, as described in Section 7.4, designers were confronted with a lightweight, deformable, structural envelope which to some extent defines its own contour but where an almost infinite variety of shapes is possible. It is difficult to adequately describe such forms with just plans, elevations and sections. Therefore, perhaps even more than usual, architects are compelled to conceive and visualise their designs fully in three dimensions, with physical and/or computer-aided design models. 

Park S, Mosalam KM (2012) Parameters for shear strength prediction of exterior beam-column joints without transverse reinforcement. Eng Struct 36 198-209 Paulay T, Priestley MJN (1992) Seismic design of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings. Wiley, New York, pp 250-303... 

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