Regional Impact Assessment

More than 30,000 different chemicals are produced or used in the Great Lakes region of the United States. This area contains 118 different hazardous waste sites that are contaminated with thousands of different chemicals. A study of this region has shown that human populations in it have elevated body burdens of persistent toxic chemical compounds. 

Those living in this region have been found to exhibit decreased gestational age, low birth weights, developmental effects in children, neurological defects in newborns, increased infertility, changes in sex ratios of children born, and thyroid hormone fluctuations. I54  

Many of the observed Great Lakes region toxic effects are attributed to persistent toxic chemical compounds. TCDD is associated with human thyroid hormone fluctuation, problems in male reproductive function, and neurological malfunction. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and methyl mercury (MeHg) are associated with human thyroid hormone fluctuation, problems in female reproductive function, neurological and neurodevelopmental problems. These effects, summarized in Table 13.1, illustrate the difficulty in attributing a particular toxic effect to a single chemical, particularly when one considers the potential impacts of thousands of other chemicals. 

The authors of the study point out the need to consider the potential for the joint toxic action of these substances in combinations in which they are typically found. 1541 

On-the-job exposures offer insight into the toxic effects of chemical mixtures. Though many health effects can be attributed to exposures to single chemicals, others cannot be accounted for by single chemical exposures and are clearly related to exposures to mixtures. This is particularly the case when at least one component of the mixture is a lipophile and at least one other component of the mixture is a hydrophile. The studies referenced in this chapter point out the need to consider mixture exposures when people present with symptoms, rather than dismiss their complaints as being of psychological origin. 

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This study was made possible through funding provided by the North Central Region Impact Assessment Program. 

IPCC (1998). "The Regional Impacts of Climate Change An Assessment of Vulnerability" (R. T. Watson et al, eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 

Payraudeau S, Vanderwerf HMG (2005) Environmental impact assessment for a farming region a review of methods. Agric Ecosyst Environ 107 1-19 Peacock AD, Mullen MD, Ringelberg DB, Tyler DD, Hedrick DB, Gale PM, White DC (2001) Soil microbial community responses to dairy manure or ammonium nitrate applications. Soil Biol Biochem 33 1011-1019... 

Chemical processing industries (CPI) application of surfactants in, 24 119 electroless deposition in, 9 699-700 energy and, 10 134-137 24 165-167 environmental impact assessment and, 10 228-229 German, 24 253—254 globalization of, 24 263 heat pipes in, 13 237-240 hydrogen in, 13 797-798 materials and processes in, 24 167-176 metrics for assessment in, 24 179 natural gas in, 12 383-385 quality control in, 21 159-164 regional economic patterns in,... 

The accomplishment of these objectives involved two different research grants Grant No. R 805 466010, "Collection and Treatment of Wastewater Generated by Pesticide Applicators", from the Oil and Hazardous Spills Branch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and "Removal of Five R-PAR and Near R-Par Herbicides from Wastewater", from North Central Regional Pesticide Impact Assessment Program. 

Forsberg B, Hansson HC, Johansson C, Areskoug H, Persson K, Jarvholm B (2005) Comparative health impact assessment of local and regional particulate air pollutants in Scandinavia. 

Supported in part by grants from Western Regional Pesticide Impact Assessment Program and NIH ES 00202. We thank Assistant Agricultural Commissioner W. R. Clark and Deputy Commissioners L. Thomas, and T. Griffiths for their assistance, and S. Dodd for her drawings. 

A Long-term Storage Center (LSC) of the Pacific region - an open-air land-based storage pad on Ustrishny Cap close to Razboinik Bay - is under construction. According to the results of the performed Feasibility Study (FS) and the enviromnental impact assessment, such layout was recognized as the best option from the technical, economic and enviromnental safety standpoint. 

Watson RT et al (1997) The regional impacts of climate change an assessment of vulnerability. Special Report for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Woridng Group II. Cambridge... 

Wilson M.F. and Henderson-Sellers A., Deforestation impact assessment the problems involved. In Hydrology of Humid Tropical Regions (R. Keller, Ed.) lAHS Pub. , 140, 273-283 (1983). 

Rosensweig, C. (1999). Climate change impact assessment on the New York City Metropolitan Region. Report prepared for the Environmental Defense Fund. Columbia University and GISS, New York, NY. 

Salaries and research support provided in part by the North Central Region Pesticide Impact Assessment Program (OH000363-SS) and by state and federal funds appropriated to The Ohio State University and the Ohio Agric. Res. Develop. Ctr., Wooster, OH. EPTC (including uC-l-propyl EPTC) and butylate were supplied by Stauffer Chemical Company. 

This research was supported by grants from the USDA North Central Region Pesticide Impact Assessment Program and Dow Chemical Company. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the granting agencies. Journal Paper No.J-13794 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, IA, Project 2306. 

This work was supported by a Grant from the North Central Region Pesticide Impact Assessment Program. Paper No. 12,353 of the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station Series. 

Coats, J. R. Racke, K. D. Michael, D. D. Enhanced Degradation of Organophosohorus Insecticides Scope and Mechanisms North Central Regional Pesticide Impact Assessment Program Final Report No. 317 Wooster, OH, 1986 41 pp. 

Regional Impacts of Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Assessment studies have shown how climate changes and sea level rise may generate a vast array of hiological and physical impacts. Particular examples of estimated regional Asian impacts include ... 

Kintner-Meyer, M., K. Schneider and R. Pratt (2007) Impacts assessment of plug-in hybrid vehicles on electric utilities and regional US power grids. Part 1 technical analysis , available at http //www.pnl.gov/energy/eed/etd/pdfs/phev feasibility analysis combined.pdf (accessed March 2008). 

RG Burau. Kinetics of transformations of arsenicals in soils under oxidative conditions. Final Report to Western Region Pesticide Impact Assessment Program, Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, 1981. 

Evaluation of Paraquat Use and Applicator Exposure in Grape Vineyards," project completion report to the Southern Region Pesticide Impact Assessment Program, Washington, O.C., 1981. Lavy, T.L. Project Completion Report to Nation Forest Products Association on Determination of 2,4-D Exposure Received by Forestry Applicators, Spring, 1980. 

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