Health impact assessment

Parry J, Stevens A. Prospective health impact assessment pitfalls, problems, and possible ways forward. BMJ 2001 323 1177-82. 

NATO/CCMS (North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Committee on Challenges to Modern Society) (1997). Introduction to the Themes of the Workshop. In Integration of Risk Assessment and Health Impact Assessment. Report of the Twelfth Workshop on Methodology, Focalisation, Evaluation and Scope of Environmental Impact Assessment in Reykjavik, Iceland, May 14-18, 1997. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, Committee on Challenges to Modem Society (NATO/CCMS) Pilot Study, co-ordinated by E, F. Verheyen, K. Nagels, and M. Coenen, Antwerpen University of Antwerpen, pp. 49-53... 

Forsberg B, Hansson HC, Johansson C, Areskoug H, Persson K, Jarvholm B (2005) Comparative health impact assessment of local and regional particulate air pollutants in Scandinavia. 

Deriving population-exposure-related values for health impact assessments... 

WHO (1999) Accepting epidemiological evidence for environmental health impact assessment. Report of the WHO Working Group, WHO European Centre for Environment and Health (ECEH) Symposium at the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE)/Intemational Society of Exposure Analysis (ISEA) Conference, Athens, 4-8 September 1999. 

Guerra G, Lemma A, Lerda D, et al. 1995. Benzene emissions from motor vehicle traffic in the urban area of Milan hypothesis of health impact assessment. Atmospheric Environment 29(23) 3559-3569. 

As a contributing member of the APHEIS group, Romania (Instimte of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania) participated in the study concerning the health impact assessment of air pollution in 26 cities (Bucharest) in 12 European coimtries during 2001. 

Pacific Northwest Laboratory has developed health impact assessment systems, the Remedial Action Priority System (RAPS) and the Multimedia Environmental Pollutant Assessment System (MEPAS), for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to evaluate the relative importance of environmental problems. RAPS, which was developed first, applies to releases from inactive waste sites. MEPAS, the most recent version of the system, allows consideration of releases from both active and inactive sites. MEPAS differs from RAPS mainly in terms of the types of emission options. Although MEPAS retains the documented framework of RAPS (1), several enhancements have been added to the transport and exposure components (2). 

ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENTS OF BATTERY SYSTEMS... 

If the total energy and emissions of a battery during its entire lifetime production, use, maintenance and disposal are established, then divided by the total lifetime energy of the battery, the total emissions per kilowatt-hour of energy may be derived. These are separated into specific materials, usually elements, compounds or groups of compounds, for which specific environmental and/or human health impact assessment values are available. Utilizing these values, the overall relative life cycle environmental impact of a particular battery system may be established and compared to other battery systems. As previously discussed, these analyses involve many assumptions and... 

Final report WP4 Risk and Health Impact Assessment ... 

Rosenbaum, R.K., 2014. Human Health Impact Assessment of Indoor Pollutants with USEtox in LCA, SETAC Europe 24 Annual Meeting, 11—14 May, Basel,... 

Juntarawijit C, Juntarawijit Y, Boonying V. Health impact assessment of a biomass power plant using local perceptions cases studies from Thailand. Impact Assess Proj Apprais 2014 32(2) 170—4. 

Environmental and Health Impact Assessment of Ammunition Containing Hansuranic Elements... 

The enviromnental or health impact assessments for areas affected by DU munitions should take into account the presence of respiratory UO, UjOg and even UO3 particles, their corresponding weathering rates and the subsequent mobilization of U from oxidized DU particles. The identified DU particles (up to 30 pm) oxidized to +4.0 state (UO ) may proceed with further oxidation to +6 level in the presence of oxygen and especially in weakly acidic solutions according to the following chemical reaction. 

World Health Organization. Text edited by David Breuer. Monitoring Ambient Air Quality for Health Impact Assessment. Gopenhagen Author, 1999. Good coverage of efforts outside of the United States. 

Bierkens J, Buekers J, Van Holderbeke M, Torfe R. Health impact assessment and monetary valuation of IQ loss in pre-school children due to lead exposure through locally produced food. Sci Total Environ 2012 414 90-7. 

DEN 11] DE Nazelle a., NEuwENEiunsEN M.J., Anto J.M. et al, Improving health through policies that promote active travel a review of evidence to support integrated health impact assessment . Environment International, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 766—777,2011. 

ROJ 11] Rojas-Rueda D., De Nazelle A., Tainio M. et ai, The health risks and benefits of cycling in urban environments compared with car use health impact assessment study , British Medical Journal, vol. 343, p. 8,2011. 

For the health aspect, the assessment is a bit trickier than safety since health assessment itself can be categorized mainly into public health, occupational health, and environmental health (Hassim, 2010). The three categories also do overlap each other. For example, public health and occupational health are mostly concerned with health impacts on the community and the workers respectively, as a result of process operations (emissions from the process itself which resulted in adverse health impacts), whereas environmental health refers to health impacts to the community as a result of environmental exposure. The health impact assessment in process industries has received much less interest from researchers compared to process safety as it has more complicated underlying principles health typically deals with long-term exposures, whereas the impact of safety-related events can be immediately seen upon the occurrence of the cases. Besides, the impact of health-based incidents is less dramatic compared to safety, and this insidious nature of health effect is the reason why it rarely reaches the news and is not well publicized unlike the industrial accident cases (Hassim, 2010). 

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