Regenerative therapies

Currently, treatment of DSP and ATN is similar to many other neuropathies that have predominantly painful sensory involvement (Mendell and Sahenk 2003 Gonzalez-Duarte et al. 2007). It is purely symptomatic as there are no proven regenerative therapies to reverse the underlying process. An 8-month prospective pilot study reported an improvement in subjective quantitative sensory testing (QST) in HIV-infected patients who responded to HAART (Martin et al. 2000). The patients who did not respond to HAART did not show any improvements in QST. It is possible that suppression of viral load will slow the progression of DSP. Some studies have found a correlation between viral load and incidence (Childs et al. 1999), or severity (Simpson et al. 2002) of sensory neuropathy. Others, however, did not find any correlation between plasma viral loads and incidence of DSP or ATN (Brew et al. 2003). 

J. M. Zimmet and J. M. Hare. Emerging Role For Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Myocardial Regenerative Therapy. Basic Res Cardiol 2005 100 471-A81. 

Due to their highly biocompatible nature, dendritic PGs have a broad range of potential applications in medicine and pharmacology. The versatility of the polyglycerol scaffolds for application in the biomedical field has recently been reviewed [131], and a number of examples were described, therein, e.g., smart and stimuli-responsive delivery and release of bioactive molecules, enhanced solubilization of hydrophobic compounds, surface-modification and regenerative therapy, as well as transport of active agents across biological barriers (cell-membranes, tumor tissue, etc.). 

Stem cells are defined by two major criteria - pluripotentahty and self-renewal capacity. Recent developments in the field of stem cell research indicate their enormous potential as a source of tissue for regenerative therapies. The success of such apphcations will depend on the precise properties and potentials of stem cells isolated either from embryonic, fetal or adult tissues. 

Zimmerlin, L., Donnenberg, A.D., Rubin, J.P., Basse, P., Landreneau, R.J., Donnenberg, V.S. Regenerative therapy and cancen in vitro and in vivo studies of the interaction between adipose-derived stem cells and breast cancer cells from clinical isolates. Tissue Eng. Part A 17,93-106 (2011). doi 10.1089/ten.TEA.2010.0248... 

One effective regenerative therapy for AD is to replace the substantial loss of cholinergic neurons commonly observed in Alzheimer s diseased brains. One promising strategy is to directly differentiate stem cells into cholinergic-like neurons (Fig. 5). Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton s jelly could be differentiated into cells of bulbous morphology. 

A more recent approach to enhance the regenerative effort incorporates cells into tissue-engineered biomaterials. Rather than relying entirely on the migration of host cells into the implant, cells can be seeded in the biomaterial. Differentiated cells, as well as stem cells, are being used for regenerative therapies. In addition, cells can be used in combination with other biochemical therapies to further enhance regeneration. 

Biodegradable polymers have received much more attention in the last decades [6-9] due their potential applications in the areas related to environmental protection (e.g., packaging, agriculture, etc.) and the maintenance of physical health (e.g., medicine - biomaterials for regenerative therapies drug release). 

This chapter focuses on the characteristics of thermoresponsive cell culture surfaces for preparing cell sheets and the applications for cell sheet-based regenerative therapies. Designing new types of thermoresponsive cell culture surfaces as the next generation for creating further functional and complex tissues is also described. 

Figure 4.1 The role of chemistry in stem cell manipulation and regenerative therapies.

Tam, R.Y., Fuehrmann, T., Mitrousis, N., Shoichet, M.S., 2014. Regenerative therapies for central nervous system diseases a biomaterials approach. Neuropsychopharmacology... 

Chang, C.C., Boland, E.D., Williams, S.K., Ho3nng, J.B., 2011. Direct-write bioprinting three-dimensional biohybrid systems for future regenerative therapies. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater. 98, 160—170. 

Second session had title Bio-medical Polymers and included 11 lectures. Participants of the conference had discussed the next problems functionalized nanoparticles and nanocapsules as markers and nanocarriers in biomedical applications, smart hydrogels for biomedical applications, injectable biodegradable hydrogels for protein and cell delivery, biohybrid hydrogels for regenerative therapies, biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications, design and function of DNA and protein nanoparticles. 

Despite the increasing knowledge and characterizations of MSCs, and the mounting enthusiasm for the use of MSCs in regenerative therapies in humans, the mechanisms of MSCs proliferation and differentiation are still not fully understood. The current lack of reliable methods to control MSC ceU fate, especially in the in vivo condition, is one of the main problems that needs to be addressed. 

Clouet, J. et al.. From osteoarthritis treatments to future regenerative therapies for cartilage. Drug... 

Akira S (2005) Advanced medical series 37. An artificial organ. Of the regenerative therapy is the highest, Institute for advanced iatrotechnique, Tokyo... 

Is it possible to improve patient survival through the introduction of completely new concepts, such as wearable artificial kidneys (WAKs) or through regenerative therapies ... 

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