Reformulated Gasoline RFG

The Methanol Institute is the trade association representing the methanol industiy in the United States. One of its goals is to protect and expand markets for methanol. The single largest market for methanol is in the production of methyl tertiaiy butly ether (MTBE), the oxygenate additive used in cleaner-burning reformulated gasoline (RFG). 

The overhead stream from the debutanizer or stabilizer is a mix of C, s and C4 s, usually referred to as LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). It is rich in olefins, propylene, and butylene. These light olefins play an important role in the manufacture of reformulated gasoline (RFG). Depending on the refinery s configuration, the cat cracker s LPG is used in the following areas ... 

Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) is the gasoline sold in some ozone nonattainment metropolitan areas designed to reduce ozone and other air pollutants. 

Federal Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) Phase 2 specifications, 11 686 Federal Register, 21 570 25 255 Federal registration, 25 258 Federal regulations, tank-related, 24 304-305... 

Reformulated gasoline (RFG) gasoline designed to mitigate smog production and to improve air quality by limiting the emission levels of certain chemical compounds such as benzene and other aromatic derivatives often contains oxygenates q.v.). 

Because CNG is primarily methane, it is expected to have relatively low reactivity, with the small amounts of reactive impurities such as small olefins and alkanes being responsible for most of its reactivity (see Table 16.14). Emissions of CO are smaller than from gasoline-powered vehicles, while the effect on NOx emissions is not clear (National Research Council, 1991). As seen in Tables 16.10 and 16.11, CNG shows the highest promise for low-reactivity exhaust emissions, and this appears to be the case for its use in real vehicles (Gabele, 1995). Figure 16.40, for example, shows the estimated ozone production per mile traveled for a vehicle fueled on CNG compared to vehicles fueled on reformulated gasoline (RFG) or the alcohol fuels M85 or E85 (vide infra). These measurements and estimates based on them include the contributions from both exhaust (including CO) and evaporative emissions (Black et al., 1998). Clearly, the reactivity of the CNG-powered vehicle emissions was substantially smaller than for the other vehicle-fuel combinations. 

Reformulated Gasoline (RFG) Gasoline that has its composition and/or characteristics altered to reduce vehicular emissions of pollutants, particularly pursuant to EPA regulations under the CAA. 

The ether process combines an alcohol with an iso-olefin. In the United States, a weight percentage of oxygenate (2 wt.%) content is mandated for reformulated gasoline (RFG). The most common oxygenate currently used is methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Methanol and the iso-olefin form of isobutylene are reacted to form MTBE. Other alcohols, such as ethanol, may be reacted with iso-butylene to form ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE). Methanol can be reacted with iso-amylene, another iso-olefin, to form tertiary amyl-methyl ether (TAME). Of all the mentioned ethers, MTBE is the one most widely used as a gasoline-blending component.16... 

The power plant was installed for demonstration testing at UTCFC s facilities in South Windsor, Connecticut. A California Phase II reformulated gasoline (RFG) fuel was used throughout the test program. 

Out of environmental concerns in the United States, the concept of reformulated gasoline (RFG) has been developed. This refers to a blend of gasohne that burns at least as cleanly as high methanol-content alternative fuels. As a result of federal and state regulations, in 2009, about one-third, or 1.1 bilhon gallons, of gasohne produced by U.S. refineries was blended with ethanol to become reformulated gasoline. 

Reformulated Gasoline. Reformulated gasoline (RFG) is designed to reduce CO, air toxics, and VOC. Adding oxygen compounds lowers CO emissions, limiting benzene reduces air toxics, and controlling volatihty limits VOC emissions. Table 7 lists the RFG specification that took effect in 1995. 

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