Reformulated gasolin

Characteristics of an extremely" reformulated gasoline and its impact on the environment Source Arco. 

In Europe and elsewhere in the world, the trend towards reformulated gasoline has scarcely begun it is very likely, however, that it will be felt around the beginning of 2000, with more or less profound impact on the refining industry. 

Gasoline reformate Gasoline, reformulated Gasolines Gas permeation Gas-phase adsorptu... 

Reforming technology Reformulated gasoline Refraction Refractive index Refractive indexes... 

Isobutyl alcohol [78-83-1] forms a substantial fraction of the butanols produced by higher alcohol synthesis over modified copper—zinc oxide-based catalysts. Conceivably, separation of this alcohol and dehydration affords an alternative route to isobutjiene [115-11 -7] for methyl /-butyl ether [1624-04-4] (MTBE) production. MTBE is a rapidly growing constituent of reformulated gasoline, but its growth is likely to be limited by available suppHes of isobutylene. Thus higher alcohol synthesis provides a process capable of supplying all of the raw materials required for manufacture of this key fuel oxygenate (24) (see Ethers). 

By selection of appropriate operating conditions, the proportion of coproduced methanol and dimethyl ether can be varied over a wide range. The process is attractive as a method to enhance production of Hquid fuel from CO-rich synthesis gas. Dimethyl ether potentially can be used as a starting material for oxygenated hydrocarbons such as methyl acetate and higher ethers suitable for use in reformulated gasoline. Also, dimethyl ether is an intermediate in the Mobil MTG process for production of gasoline from methanol. 

Table 5. Refining Technologies for Producing Reformulated Gasoline Constituents...

H. U. Hammershaimb and co-workers. Proceedings of National Conference on Pefmery Process and Reformulated Gasoline, San Antonio, Tex., 1993. 

Reformulated Gasoline specially refined gasoline with low levels of smogforming volatile organic compounds and low levels of hazardous air pollutants. 

The Methanol Institute is the trade association representing the methanol industiy in the United States. One of its goals is to protect and expand markets for methanol. The single largest market for methanol is in the production of methyl tertiaiy butly ether (MTBE), the oxygenate additive used in cleaner-burning reformulated gasoline (RFG). 

Public concerns about air quality led to the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970 to amendments to that act in 1977 and 1990. The 1990 amendments contained seven separate titles covering different regula-toiy programs and include requirements to install more advanced pollution control equipment and make other changes in industrial operations to reduce emissions of air pollutants. The 1990 amendments address sulfur dioxide emissions and acid rain deposition, nitrous oxide emissions, ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide emissions, particulate emissions, tail pipe emissions, evaporative emissions, reformulated gasoline, clean-fueled vehicles and fleets, hazardous air pollutants, solid waste incineration, and accidental chemical releases. 

Many reformulated gasolines use oxygenated compounds as additives. Clean Air regulations specify the need for oxygenated fuel in 39 metropolitan areas with high carbon monoxide concentrations. The regulations for oxygenated fuel are seasonal ... 

Most alternative fuel vehicles on the road today were originally designed for gasoline, hut converted for use with an alternative fuel. Because the petroleum industry has successfully responded to the competitive threats of alternative fuels by developing reformulated gasolines that burn much cleaner, the... 

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