Tertiary amyl methyl ether

The most common ethers being used as additives are methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), and tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME). Many of the larger refineries manufacture their own supplies of MTBE and TAME by reacting isobutylene and/or isoamylene with methanol. Smaller refineries usually buy their supplies from chemical manufacturers or the larger refineries. 

NExTAME [Neste tertiary amyl methyl ether] A catalytic process for converting C5, C6, and C7 tertiary olefins to ethers for blending into gasoline to increase its octane rating. Developed by Neste Oy in 1994 and commercialized at Porvoo, Finland, in 1995. 

Oxygenated fuels Ethanol 10% (ElO), Methanol, Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), Ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE), Tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), and Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME)... 

In addition to its octane enhancement ability described above, ZSM-5 also increases the feed to alkylation, methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) units. Since the products from all these processes contain high Research and Motor Octane components, ZSM-5 provides the refiner additional flexibility in his downstream processing whenever the need exists to increase overall gasoline pool octane. In addition, the overall refinery can be rebalanced to take... 

The ether process combines an alcohol with an iso-olefin. In the United States, a weight percentage of oxygenate (2 wt.%) content is mandated for reformulated gasoline (RFG). The most common oxygenate currently used is methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Methanol and the iso-olefin form of isobutylene are reacted to form MTBE. Other alcohols, such as ethanol, may be reacted with iso-butylene to form ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE). Methanol can be reacted with iso-amylene, another iso-olefin, to form tertiary amyl-methyl ether (TAME). Of all the mentioned ethers, MTBE is the one most widely used as a gasoline-blending component.16... 

ARCO Chemical Co. Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) Mixed C5s streams and methanol Rexible design, high conversion, long-life catalyst, low operating costs 4 1994... 

DegussaAG Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) Amylene containing hydrocarbons/methanol Liquid-phase catalytic synthesis, high selectivity, energy efficient NA NA... 

IFP Tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) FCC and steam-cracker C4 cuts and methanol Olefinic C5 cuts are upgraded to high octane blending value, low RVP TAME 6 1996... 

FTocesses for the production of tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) Brockwell et ah, Hyd. Proc., 70(9), 133 (1991)]. Highly endothermic reactions may require intermediate reboilers. None of these heat management issues preclude the use of reactive distillation, but must be taken into account during the design phase. Comparison of heat of reaction and average heat of vaporization data for a system, as in Fig. 13-97, gives some indication of potential heat imbalances [Sundmacher, Rihko, and Hoffmann, Chem. Eng. Comm., 127, 151 (1994)]. The heat-neutral systems [-AH (avg)]... 

Tyl RW, Myers CB, Mart MC, et al. (2003) Two-generation reproductive toxicity study of inhaled tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) vapor in CD rats. Journal of Applied Toxicology 23 397—410. 

Figure 5.4. Prime G+ process developed by IFP.59 61 TAME, tertiary amyl methyl ether.

Unleaded gasolines, in use today, comprise higher concentrations of BTEX compounds (Fig. 6.3) and branched chain hydrocarbons. Oxygenated additives such as methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), methanol and ethanol are also used as antiknock and combustion improvers. 

Fortum manufactures petroleum products for use in traffic, heating, industry, agriculture and energy generation. Additionally, Fortum manufactures methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in Finland, Portugal, Canada and Saudi Arabia and tertiary-amyl methyl ether (TAME) at its Porvoo refinery. MTBE and TAME are essential components in reformulated gasoline. Fortum is the leading producer of reformulated fuels in northern Europe. 

White RD, Daughtrey WC, Wells MS (1995) Health effects of inhaled tertiary amyl methyl ether and ethyl tertiary butyl ether. Toxicol Lett 82/83 719-724... 

P12.1 Calculate the equilibrium composition of the TAME (tertiary amyl methyl ether) synthesis in the liquid phase using equimolar amounts of methanol (MeOH) and 2-methyl-2-butene (2M2B) at 25 C and 80 C... 

Rivero, R., Garcia, M. and Urquiza, J., Simulation, exergy analysis and application of diabatic distillation to a tertiary amyl methyl ether production unit of a cmde oil refinery. Energy, 29 (2004) 467. 

Blending and Additives. In the end, all gasoline components are blended together. At a modern refinery, this is done in a computer-controlled process. Additives are used primarily to boost octane rating. Lead was widely used once but was banned in 1996 in the United States, as well as in many other nations. With the increasing prohibition of methyl-tert-butyl-ether (MTBE) in many U.S. states, use of alternatives such as tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) or ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) increased. There are many... 

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