Recycling environmental effects

California land-use regulations and growth control Latin American environmental initiatives environmental issues, acid rain, recycling, greenhouse effect... 

Keggin type H3PW)2O40 is a stable, recyclable and effective catalyst for H2S04-free liquid phase nitration of bezene, chlorobenzene and toluene with nitric acid as a nitration agent. Higher para-selectivity of nitrotoluene was obtained, and the result implies that HPA can effectively catalyze the liquid phase nitration of various aromatics as an environmentally friendly nitration process. 

Ross S, Evans D (2003) The environmental effect of reusing and recycling a plastic-based packaging system. J Cleaner Prod 11(5) 561—571... 

Coupled with the energy consumption is the environmental effect from production of these binders. For every ton of phosphoric acid, 5 ton of phosphogypsum (calcium sulfate) is produced [15]. This waste can be recycled into value-added products such as gypsum board, but often there is a radioactivity issue. Some phosphogypsum contains radium and emanates radon gas. At the present time, such waste can only be disposed in a landfill. 

The main apparent technical problems posed in relation with these types of potential noise barriers would be their noise abatement capability, structural performance, fire resistance, weatherability, chemical activity, and environmental effects. To assess the quality of new products of such materials, a series of mechanical, noise abatement, and flammability tests should be performed on a number of samples from the panels made of recycled rubber products. The primary function of these panels, i.e., their noise abatement capability is among the most important aspect of their performance. 

Waste-minimization ophons can also have some environmental impacts. During technical evaluation, the environmental effect of implemenhng the ophon needs to be checked. For example, if an ophon calls for recycling of rinse water, the effect of disposal of such water needs to be evaluated (as the concentrahon of solid in the recycled water would increase many hmes due to recycling), which may impact the receiving body. 

Human society will always have a need for the production of chemicals since these are essential for the maintenance and improvement of our quality of life. Modern chemical synthesis, despite its bad press, is generally relatively clean, efficient and inexpensive. However, there is always room for improvement. For example, some reactions still require stoichiometric reagents and some require relatively high temperatures and pressures. The use of volatile organic solvents leads to recycle costs and loss of solvents can produce environmental effects. We also still need... 

The foundry industry is a major player in the recycling of metals. Steel, cast iron and alirminiirm scrap can all be remelted into new products. The possible negative environmental effects of foundries result from the presence of a thermal process and the use of mineral additives. The environmental effects of a foimdry process therefore mainly relate to the exhaust and off-gases and to the re-use or disposal of mineral residues. 

The post combustion of CO allows (additional) heat recovery from the cupola off-gas. Additionally, it allows the melting of scrap contaminated with oil and grease without additional environmental effects and thus stimulates the recycling of metals. Post combustion without heat recovery shows a negative environmental balance (See cross-media effects). 

Traditional product development has aimed to manufacture products as efficiently as possible within the frame of an established product specification. Improved production equipment, working methods, and planning have reduced the direct variable labour costs to 10-20% of total manufacturing costs. This approach reaches inherent limits, however [5]. Once a product is on the market, only small modifications to the manufacturing process and to the product itself are possible. Environmental effects can be reduced by reuse, recovery/recycling, or by incineration with heat recovery, but the most desirable alternative, material reduction, is no longer available at this stage. 

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