Recovery of stabilizing water

According to present practice polluted waste water flows into special troughshaped tanks or labyrinths (Fig. 25), made of lead, stoneware or preferably of rubber-covered iron, and equipped with transverse baffle plates. 

The waste water is thereby made to travel a long distance during which drops 

Stabilization of the recovered nitroglycerine consists in washing and filtering 

Water from which the nitroglycerine has separated flows to a tank lined with lime-stone and after being neutralized it is discharged to a river or pool. Attempts have been made to recover the appreciable quantity of ions NOf, SO eand HSO still present in the water. In a patent taken out by the Dynamit A.G. in Hamburg [26] neutralization of the waste water with ammonia was suggested followed by evaporation. This yields about 8 kg of nitrates and sulphates mixed in the ratio of approx. 7 3 for every 100 kg of nitroglycerine. It was proposed to use the mixture as a chemical fertilizer. 

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Separation of nitroglycerine from acid Purification of nitroglycerine Filtering nitroglycerine Transport of nitroglycerine Recovery of stabilizing water The spent acid... 

Water-in-oil macroemulsions have been proposed as a method for producing viscous drive fluids that can maintain effective mobility control while displacing moderately viscous oils. For example, the use of water-in-oil and oil-in-water macroemulsions have been evaluated as drive fluids to improve oil recovery of viscous oils. Such emulsions have been created by addition of sodium hydroxide to acidic crude oils from Canada and Venezuela. In this study, the emulsions were stabilized by soap films created by saponification of acidic hydrocarbon components in the crude oil by sodium hydroxide. These soap films reduced the oil/water interfacial tension, acting as surfactants to stabilize the water-in-oil emulsion. It is well known, therefore, that the stability of such emulsions substantially depends on the use of sodium hydroxide (i.e., caustic) for producing a soap film to reduce the oil/water interfacial tension. 

Reaction is terminated by acetonitrile quenching, or by liquid-liquid extraction with water-immiscible organic solvent, provided that the extraction efficiency and the effect of the organic solvent on product stability are tested at the small scale. Based on properties of product, the pH of the reaction mixture should be adjusted before termination to allow maximal recovery of the product. For example, acid is usually added to the acyl-glucuronide product mixture at the end of the reaction to minimize acyl migration. 

The liquid effluent, which consists of water from the evaporator/crystallizer used to produce the solid filter cake produced by the brine-recovery operation, should not pose a significant hazard to human health or to the environment. While the evaporator/crystallizer system has not been tested yet, the composition of the water and solid filter cake can be readily determined from an analysis of the SCWO liquid effluent. As shown in Table 5-10, the liquid effluent is essentially free of organics. The source of the chromium and nickel that were found in some of the effluents is generally believed to be corrosion products from the SCWO reactor components. These elevated levels of metals indicate that the solid filter cake will need to be treated (e.g., by stabilization) prior to disposal in a hazardous waste landfill. 7... 

T0023 Affinity Water Technologies, Advanced Affinity Chromatography T0062 Argonne National Laboratory, Ceramicrete Stabilization Technology T0132 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Biochemical Recovery of Radionuclides and Heavy Metals... 

In order to be exploitable for extraction and purification of proteins/enzymes, RMs should exhibit two characteristic features. First, they should be capable of solubilizing proteins selectively. This protein uptake is referred to as forward extraction. Second, they should be able to release these proteins into aqueous phase so that a quantitative recovery of the purified protein can be obtained, which is referred to as back extraction. A schematic representation of protein solubilization in RMs from aqueous phase is shown in Fig. 2. In a number of recent publications, extraction and purification of proteins (both forward and back extraction) has been demonstrated using various reverse micellar systems [44,46-48]. In Table 2, exclusively various enzymes/proteins that are extracted using RMs as well as the stability and conformational studies of various enzymes in RMs are summarized. The studies revealed that the extraction process is generally controlled by various factors such as concentration and type of surfactant, pH and ionic strength of the aqueous phase, concentration and type of CO-surfactants, salts, charge of the protein, temperature, water content, size and shape of reverse micelles, etc. By manipulating these parameters selective sepa-... 

Nitric add recovery included the recovery of the add vapours from nitrating installations and all tanks, metering tanks and stabilizers holding nitric acid. These vapours were led by means of fume ducts from the nitration plant and by suction pipes from the tanks into towers, where they were sprayed with water or with dilute nitric acid, to produce 50% nitric acid. 

The quality of the water used in emulsion polymerization affects the manufacture of ESBR. Water hardness and other ionic content can directly affect the chemical and mechanical stability of the polymer emulsion (latex). Solution polymerization can use various solvents, primarily aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, SSBR polymerization depends on recovery and reuse of the solvent for economical operation as well as operation under the air-quality permitting of the local, state, and federal mandates involved,... 

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