Federal mandates

Coal-Mine Dusting. A steady market for pulverized limestone is ia dusting coal mines with a noncombustible mineral dust as a federally mandated mine safety requirement. Of aU mineral dusts, limestone is by far the most commonly used (60—75% 0.074 mm (200 mesh)). Consumption ia 1991 was... 

Solution polymerization can use various solvents, primarily aUphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The choice of solvent is usually dictated by cost, avaHabihty, solvency, toxicity, flammabiUty, and polymer stmcture. SSBR polymerization depends on recovery and reuse of the solvent for economical operation as well as operation under the air-quaUty perrnitting of the local, state, and federal mandates involved. 

Wellhead Pricing With passage of the Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act of 1989, all remaining wellhead price controls on natural gas were lifted. As a result, federally mandated natural gas wellhead prices no longer exist. With this, the competitive marketplace has become the most important factor affecting natural gas wellhead prices, along with weather, demand, pricing of competitive fuels and competition for supplies. 

Applications of activated carbons are discussed in Chapters 8-10, including their use in the automotive arena as evaporative loss emission traps (Chapter 8), and in vehicle natural gas storage tanks (Chapter 9). The use of evaporative loss emission traps has been federally mandated in the U.S. and Europe. Consequently, a significant effort has been expended to develop a carbon adsorbent properly optimized for evaporative loss control, and to design the on board vapor collection and disposal system. The manufacture of activated carbons, and their preferred characteristics for fuel emissions control are discussed in Chapter 8, along with the essential features of a vehicle evaporative loss emission control system. 

The metric system, which is federally mandated and appears in the official listing of drugs in the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), is a logically organized system of measurement. It was first developed by the French. The basic units multiplied or divided by 10 comprise the metric system. Therefore, a knowledge of decimals, reviewed in Chapter 1, is useful for this system. 

The key issue was whether the Constitution allows Congress to enact legislation that forces local law enforcement officials to carry out a federal mandate (in this case, running back ound checks on firearms purchasers). 

This type of emission control system has been in use in limited volumes in California since the 1977 model year, on nearly all California cars in the 1980 model year, and will apparently be on a majority of cars in this country in the 1981 model year. No other method has been nearly as effective in meeting the federally mandated emission requirements without severe penalties in performance and/or fuel economy. 

In Canada, the federal mandate for food control rests with four departments Health Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Eood Canada, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, and Industry Canada. A cooperative relationship exists among departments with the ultimate goal of creating a harmonized and streamlined national food control system. All four departments ensure the application of food safety standards in their areas of responsibility to prevent or eliminate human health and safety threats created through chemical, biological, physical, or other hazards. 

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 has affected almost all businesses, including pharmacies. This federal mandate prohibits discrimination based on any form of disability. To comply with the ADA, pharmacies may be required to adjust counter heights, aisle widths, telephone equipment, doorways, and almost any other physical aspect of their operations. The act allows for reasonableness in designing stores without undue hardship on daily operations. The design goal is to have a store that offers equal access to all products and services for all customers (Laskoski, 1992). 

Now test for the five main drug classes that are federally mandated and include at least marijuana, ecstasy, cocaine, opiates, methamphetamine, amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and PCP... 

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles would seem to be the perfect answer to our burgeoning and alarming dependence on imported oil. For some, like Peter Schwartz, chair of the Global Business Network, they are almost the deus ex machina—the quick, pure technological fix—that will avoid the need for difficult policy choices, such as federal mandates for increased vehicle efficiency.10 That is overopti-mistic hype, as we will see. 

In practice, especially with near-miss investigations, sometimes initial investigation efforts are started without the full team to meet the federal mandate of standard. There can be scheduling problems. With today s mobile work force, technical specialists that could be out of town, or key operating personnel on revolving shifts could result in a shortage of the necessary expertise within the first 48 hours. 

EPA also had to establish national emission standards for certain categories of new sources. Table II shows the Federally mandated emission standards for new and modified fossil-fired steam generators. They apply to units with a capacity of 250 MMBtu/hr (i.e., about 25 MW) or larger for which major construction or modification contracts are signed after August 17, 1971. 

State and local governments have proved to be ineffective regulators because they compete with each other to achieve economic growth, creating a race to the bottom . In principle, this defect could be remedied by federal regulations to which all states must conform. However, even federal standards suffer lapses in compliance and enforcement so, for example, many major municipalities have failed to meet federally mandated air quality standards. 

Huestis MA> Mitchell JM, Cone EJ. Lowering the federally mandated cannabinoid immunoassay cutoff increases true-positive results. Clin Chem 1994 40 729-33. 

These differences suggest several advantages of the chemical permeabilization method. First, avoiding cell breakage should simplify the cell removal step. Second, retention of the nucleic acids inside the cell should eliminate the need for a nucleic acid precipitation step. Another advantage is that the permeabilization process also kills the cells thereby eliminating the need for the federally mandated cell killing step. 

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