Recovery of acetic acid

Solvent Extraction Reagents. Solvent extraction is a solution purification process that is used extensively in the metallurgical and chemical industries. Both inorganic (34,35) and organic (36) solutes are recovered. The large commercial uses of phosphine derivatives in this area involve the separation of cobalt [7440-48-4] from nickel [7440-02-0] and the recovery of acetic acid [61-19-7] and uranium [7440-61-1]. 

Feed Composition. Feed composition has a substantial effect on the economics of a distillation. Distillations tend to become uneconomical as the feed becomes dilute. There are two types of dilute feed cases, one in which the valuable recovered component is a low boiler and the second when it is a high boiler. When the recovered component is the low boiler, the absolute distillate rate is low but the reflux ratio and the number of plates is high. An example is the recovery of methanol from a dilute solution in water. When the valuable recovered component is a high boiler, the distillate rate, the reflux relative to the high boiler, and the number of plates all are high. An example for this case is the recovery of acetic acid from a dilute solution in water. For the general case of dilute feeds, alternative recovery methods are usually more economical than distillation. 

Recovery of acetic acid and methanol from methyl Hydrolysis... 

Several examples of cost-effective liquid-hquid extraction processes include the recovery of acetic acid from water (Fig. 15-1), using ethyl ether or ethyl acetate as described by Brown [Chem. Eng. Prog., 59(10), 6.5 (1963)], or the recoveiy of phenolics from water as described by Lauer, Littlewood, and Butler [7/Steel Eng., 46(5), 99 (1969)] with butyl acetate, or with isopropyl ether as described by Wurm [Gliickauf, 12, 517 (1968)], or with methyl isobutyl ketone as described by Scheibel [ Liqmd-Liquid Extraction, in Periy Weiss-... 

It is therefore important to monitor the acetic acid content in the anhydride, in order to control the process efficiency. Recovery of acetic acid from the anhydride following reaction is an important part of the economics of the whole process. 

Acetic acid is an important intermediate organic tonnage chemical that may be produced by the petroleum industry and fermentation. The latter process requires the recovery of acetic acid from water solutions, and several techniques have been applied to this separation, including solvent extraction, azeotropic distillation, and extractive distillation. A comparison of economics between azeotropic distillation and solvent extraction combined with azeotropic distillation (Table 10.3) shows that the introduction of... 

In the chemical processing industry, extraction is used when distillation is impractical or too costly. Extraction may be more practical than distillation when the relative volatilities of two components are close. In other cases, the components to be separated may be heat sensitive like antibiotics or relatively nonvolatile like mineral salts. When unfortunate azeotropes form, distillation may be ineffective. Several examples of cost-effective liquid-liquid extraction processes include the recovery of acetic acid from water using ethyl ether or ethyl acetate and the recovery of phenolics from water with butyl acetate. 

Recovery of acetic acid used in the production of cyclonite and of other nitramines is discussed in Ref 6... 

This reaction is nearly quantitative because it avoids the waste of formaldehyde inherent in the nitrolysis method and does not require such large amts of HN03. However, it does req large amts of acetic anhydride and the recovery of acetic acid produced in the reaction. The method of Ross Schiessler (Ref 76) closely resembles that of the German E-Process ... 

RDX , OSRD Rept 159 (Oct 1941) 28) F.C. Whitmore, "Recovery of Acetic Acid and Ammonium Nitrate from the Bachmann Process for Preparing RDX , OSRD Rept 393 (Feb 1942)... 

Fig. 12.11. Recovery of acetic acid. (Courtesy Celanese Fibers Co.)...

Acetic acid-2-13C of 90% isotopic purity was purchased by the checkers from Stohler Isotope Chemicals, Rutherford, NJ, and dried by distillation from phosphorus pentoxide in the following manner. A 0.5-g portion of the labeled acetic acid was transferred to a 5-mL flask containing 0.1 g of phosphorus pentoxide. The flask (A) was attached to a vacuum system (see Figure 1), chilled with a dry ice-acetone bath until the mixture solidified, and evacuated to 0.01 mm. The stopcock was closed, the cooling bath was moved to the receiver (flask B), and flask A was allowed to warm to room temperature. The distillation was completed by heating flask A to 60°C. Nitrogen was introduced into the system and flask B removed and stoppered. The recovery of acetic acid-2-13C was 0.42-0.44 g (84-86%). 

Diphenyl carbonate from dimethyl carbonate and phenol Dibutyl phthalate from butanol and phthalic acid Ethyl acetate from ethanol and butyl acetate Recovery of acetic acid and methanol from methyl acetate by-product of vinyl acetate production Nylon 6,6 prepolymer from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine MTBE from isobutene and methanol TAME from pentenes and methanol Separation of close boiling 3- and 4-picoline by complexation with organic acids Separation of close-boiling meta and para xylenes by formation of tert-butyl meta-xyxlene Cumene from propylene and benzene General process for the alkylation of aromatics with olefins Production of specific higher and lower alkenes from butenes... 

Refining of Sugar and Recovery of Acetic Acid from Wood-Pulping Liquors... 

This production expansion was made possible in no small degree by a sharp reduction in the cost of manufacture. From an original market price of 1.45 a pound in 1926, cellulose acetate dropped steadily to. 50 a pound in 1936, and further to. 30 in 1940. In addition to a lower cost as a result of the increasing quantity of production, these reductions in price were aided greatly by reductions in the cost of raw materials. Acetic acid became much cheaper during this period, and the cost of conversion of the acid to its anhydride was aided by improved process development. Recovery of acetic acid from aqueous solution also became cheaper with the adoption of extraction and azeotropic distillation processes, replacing the original recovery by evaporation of neutralized solutions. In addition, technical developments in the acetylation process increased the economy of plant unit operations. 

Coahran process. Recovery of acetic acid from pyroligneous acid by extracting with ether. It is an improved version of the Brewster process but is basically the same. 

Kumaresan et al. [96] studied the apphcabihty of ELMs in the treatment of distillery wastewater. These types of wastewaters are generally toxic to microflora, because of the high content of several phenohc compounds [93]. The optimum ELM composition was as follows (v/v) 4% of xylene, 10% of CRESLOX, and 85% of hquid paraffin, while the optimum ELM/ treated wastewater ratio was 0.8. At this ratio, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the distillery wastewater was reduced from 6800 mg dm in the feed solution to the final effluent concentration of 927 mg dnrf At the same time, the five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) decreased from 3500 to 96.5 mg dm The recovery of acetic acid was 44.2%. These results indicate that ELMs can be quite effective in the reduction of the pollution of distillery wastewaters. 

Busche, R. M., E. J. Shimshick, and R. A. Yates. 1982. Recovery of Acetic Acid from Dilute Acetate Solution. Biotech. Bioeng. Symp. 12 249. 

Z A packed column is used to recover acrylic acid and acetic acid from a dilute gas stream by absorption in water. For low concentrations acrylic acid is about two times as soluble in water as acetic acid, (a) If the column is designed for 99.9 percent recovery of acrylic acid with an absorption factor A = 1,5, how many transfer units are needed (6) What is the percent recovery of acetic acid ... 

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