Recording model

Several dozen meters were constructed at the California Institute of Technology before the summer of 1942. Dr. Arnold O. Beckman, 11 West State Street, Pasadena 2, California, who then took over the production of the meter, has manufactured several hundred. Descriptions of the various models will be published elsewhere. Some recording models- of the instrument are available. 

The failure to identify the necessary authigenic silicate phases in sufficient quantities in marine sediments has led oceanographers to consider different approaches. The current models for seawater composition emphasize the dominant role played by the balance between the various inputs and outputs from the ocean. Mass balance calculations have become more important than solubility relationships in explaining oceanic chemistry. The difference between the equilibrium and mass balance points of view is not just a matter of mathematical and chemical formalism. In the equilibrium case, one would expect a very constant composition of the ocean and its sediments over geological time. In the other case, historical variations in the rates of input and removal should be reflected by changes in ocean composition and may be preserved in the sedimentary record. Models that emphasize the role of kinetic and material balance considerations are called kinetic models of seawater. This reasoning was pulled together by Broecker (1971) in a paper called "A kinetic model for the chemical composition of sea water."... 

This mechanism is independent of the main measuring circuit. Its only purpose is to provide a continuous movement of the chart paper at a known constant rate (cm/min). Most recorder models give the user a choice of several chart speeds. The most common speeds are 0.5 - 2.5 cm/min. 

Automatic spectropolarimeters are available for the measurement of optical rotation as a function of wavelength (in the region 180-700 nm), enabling optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) curves to be recorded. Models are also available (e.g. Japan Spectroscopic Co. Ltd) for the measurement of circular dichroism (CD) curves in the wavelength region of 180-1000 nm, and 700-2000 nm. Authoritative accounts of the value of ORD and CD data in studies on the structure... 

Instrumentation. All electrochemical experiments were carried out in a conventional one-compartment cell. Potentials were applied to the cell with a bipotentiostat (Pine Instruments Inc., USA) model RDE4. Current-time responses were recorded on a XYY recorder model BD 91 (Kipp Zonen, USA) equiped with a time base module. All potentials were measured and quoted against a saturated calomel electrode (SCE). 

Standard components Document manufacturer/supplier details Installation qualification verifies installation and connections Record model, version, and serial number of preassembled hardware Can use hardware data sheet or other specification Challenge hardware during SW OQ/PQ as necessary... 

Chart Recorders are the simplest devices (0 to 30 input points), being industry standard (GAMP software Category 3). Validation requirements are based on recording model and version numbers, complemented by the necessary calibration and commissioning of alarm signals. 

Analytical Apparatus. In the cold-trap method, mercury is detected by the gas-phase absorption of elemental mercury at 2537 A using a Coleman Instruments mercury analyzer (MAS-50) equipped with a Leeds and Northrup Speedomax recorder (model XL60I). The mercury ana-... 

The surface pressures were determined from surface tension measurements which were made by suspending a wettable sand blasted platinum blade from a microforce transducer-amplifier system (model 311 A, The Sanborn Co., Waltham, Mass.). The transducer output was recorded continuously on an x-y recorder (model 370, Keithley Instruments, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 44139). The surface tensions were reproducible within 0.1 dyne. 

Phosphate buffer (0.5 mM, pH 7.2) was transferred continuously to the reactor and sensing chamber. Then, 10 ml of sample solution containing various amounts of cephalosporins was transferred to the reactor at a flow rate of 2 ml/min by a peristaltic pump and the hydrogen ion concentration in the sample solution was determined by a combined pH electrode (GC-125 C, TOA Electronics Co. Tokyo) and displayed on a recorder (Model CDR-llA, TOA Electronics Co.). 

Inc., Cleveland, OH), and finally was displayed on a strlpchart recorder (Model 585, Linear Instruments Corp., Reno, NV). 

Amplifiers Axopatch 200B (Axon Instmments, Foster City CA) for intracellular recordings Model 17(X) Differential A-C amplifier (A-M Systems, Carlsborg, WA) for extracellular recordings. 

We are very accustomed to using forms and reports, often prepared in a standard fashion for a particular application. Record-based models are computer implementations of these spreadsheet-like forms. Two types can be identified. The first of these, common in the early days of file processing systems (FPSs) or file management systems (FMSs), is the individual record model. This is little more than an electronic file drawer in which records are stored. It is useful for a great many applications. More sophisticated, however, is the relational database data model, in which mathematical relations are used to electronically cut and paste reports from a variety of files. Relational database systems have been developed to a considerable degree of sophistication, and many commercial products are available. Oracle and Informix are two leading providers. 

The individual record model is surely the oldest data model representation. While the simple single-record tables characteristic of this model may appear quite appealing, the logic operations and integrity constraints that need to be associated with the data structure are often undefined and are perhaps not easily defined. Here, the data structure is simply a set of records, with each record consisting of a set of fields. When there is more than a single type of record, one field contains a value that indicates what the other fields in the record are named. 

The relational model is a modification of the individual record model that limits its data structures and thereby provides a mathematical basis for operation on records. Data structures in a relational database may consist only of relations, or field sets that are related. Every relation may be considered as a table. Each row in the table is a record or tuple. Every column in each table or row is a field or attribute. Each field or attribute has a domain that defines the admissible values for that field. 

Often there is only a modest difference in structure between this relational model and the individual record model. One difference is that fields in the various records of the individual record model represent relationships, whereas relationships among fields or attributes in a relational model are denoted by the name of the relation. 

While the structural differences between the relational model and the individual record model are minimal, there are major differences in the way in which the integrity constraints and operations may affect the database. The operations in a relational database form a set of operations that are defined mathematically. The operations in a relational model must operate on entire relations, or tuples, rather than only on individual records. The operations in a relational database are independent of the data structures, and therefore do not depend on the specific order of the records or the fields. There is often controversy about whether or not a DBMS is truly relational. While there are very formal definitions of a relational database, a rather informal one is sufficient here. A relational database is one described by the following statements. 

The fluorescence transients produced by the probe flash were digitized (instrument response time = 0.2 us) by a Biomation Waveform recorder (Model 805, Biomation Corporation, Cupertino CA), collected on a Nicolet Signal Averager (Model 1170, Nicolet Instrument Corporation, Madison WI), and then stored on magnetic disk for future analysis. The total fluorescence was calculated from the fluorescence signal integrated over the entire time interval of the probe flash. 

H Hewlett Packard dual per recorder. Model 7132A. 

Photovolt, multiplier-photometer model 520A, light source unit model 52C and accessory for evaluation of TLC plates with automatic drive and varicord-recorder model 42 = TLC densitometer model 530 (Photovolt information sheet 367/8—63) (Firm 104). 

Two different chromatography detector and recorder combinations were utilized by these workers. One unit incorporated a Gow-Mac thermistor cell (9677-AEL) with a circuit control unit built by the Loe Engineering Co., Pasadena, California (Loe drawing E-26-0). A Bristol recorder (Model 56) with a 1-mv span was used. The other chromatograph arrangement consists of a Loenco unit (Model lA) used in conjunction with a Brown-Hone3nArell recorder No, 143 and a Model Kl 3 Disc Integrator manufactured by Disc Instruments, Santa Ana, California,... 

Have you developed or obtained appropriate diagrams, flip charts, pictures, videos, recordings, models or other aids which will make a clearer and/or stronger impressions on members minds No Yes... 

Room temperature fluorescence induction was detected by a Dumont KM 2433 photomultiplier tube (S.20 surface) blocked with a Corning CS2-64 filter. Excitation of chloroplasts (5 yg chl/ml) in a mixture of 15 mM tricine-NaOH pH 7.8, 0.1 M sorbitol, 5 mM MgCl2, 10 mM NaCl 5 yM DCMU was accomplished by passing light from an illuminator (see lamp description above) through a Corning CS4-96 blue filter. The signal from the photomultiplier tube was stored on a Princeton Applied Research scan recorder (Model 4101) or recorded directly on a Houston 2000 X-Y recorder. Low temperature (77K) fluorescence emission spectra were obtained as described (Kyle, Zalik 1982). 

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