Diet composition

Strontium, that of Toots and Voorhies (1965), used these compositional differences among plants to assess not the dietary plant/meat ratio but the degree of browsing versus grazing. It is this phenomenon due to shifting plants that we are likely to observe in comparative Sr/Ca studies of bone, rather than the amount of meat in the diet, simply because plants have a much greater impact on diet composition. 

Ambrose and Norr (1993) and Tieszen and Fagre (1993) have shown that 5 C of carbonate in bone apatite (6 C,p) is the most accurate measure of the whole-diet composition (Ambrose and Norr 1993 28). The actual 5 C of total diet is related to that of apatite by an isotopic offset (fractionation) which Ambrose and Norr estimate to be 9.5 0.6%o. Other estimates range from 9.6 0.1%o for small mammals on controlled diets (DeNiro and Epstein 1978) to 12%o for large herbivores on natural diets (Lee-Thorp et al., 1989). The origin of this offset is of some concern to us here. We can only use 5 Cap as a measure of total diet if we know A,p.j,e, and also know that this fractionation is a constant, at least for a given species, and does not itself depend on the quality of the diet. 

Gorski PR, Lathrop RC, Hill SD, Herrin RT. 1999. Temporal mercury dynamics and diet composition in the mimic shiner. Trans Am Fish Soc 128 701-712. 

P cycling, pre chain emissions, animal welfare, economics, biodiversity, product quality, soil quality, and landscape aesthetics [60]. Whole farm model (WFM) uses pasture growth and cow metabolism for predicting CH4 emissions in dairy farms. Also included in the WFM is climate and management information. However, recent reports also suggests that WFMs may incorrectly estimate CH4 emission levels as they do not take into account the DMI and diet composition while predicting the enteric CH4 emission. This low prediction efficiency of WFMs may lead to substantial error in GHG inventories [10,11],... 

Phytate analysis of muffins, diet composites and stools was performed by a modification of the ferric ion precipitation method for HS-I (5) and by an ion exchange method for HS-II and -III (6). Calcium was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. 

Table IV. Distribution of Calcium Content of Self-Chosen Diet Composites...

Dean, S. R. and Meola, R. W. (2002). Effect of diet composition on weight gain, sperm transfer, and insemination in the cat flea (Siphonaptera Pulicidae). J Med Entomol, 39(2), 370-375. 

While recognizing the limitations (discussed above) of such an approach to estimating diet composition and the intake of PPT, using the University of Surrey database in conjunction with diet diaries available from their other studies has produced interesting data... 

Iron deficiency affects more than 1.7 billion people worldwide and has been called the most widespread health problem in the world by the World Health Organization. Due to severe iron deficiency, more than 60 000 women die in pregnancy and childbirth each year, and almost 500 million women of childbearing age suffer from anemia. Dietary iron requirements depend on mrmerous factors, for example, age, sex, and diet composition. Recommended daily intake in the USA varies dependent on gender and age. Potato is a modest source of iron. A study of cultivated varieties showed 0.3-2.3 mg of Fe in a 100 g tuber (True et al., 1978). Ranges of iron content from 6 to 158 p,g/g of DW have been reported (Andre et al., 2007 Wills et al.. 

But my discussion of rat acrobatics isn t intended to turn people into blueberry-guzzling fiends. Eating blueberries won t save you dietary sinners. What matters most is the overall diet composition. In the rat study strawberry and spinach extract also produced improvements in memory, although those foods didn t have the same effect on balance and coordination as blueberries did. Still, the message is that fruits and vegetables have antiaging properties. As we are now learning, they harbor all kinds of useful chemicals. Like the B vitamin commonly known as folic acid. 

While not altogether desirable, it is not necessarily deleterious if drug treatment decreases fat digestion or absorption as well as cholesterol absorption. As described previously, this is the mechanism of action of the anti-obesity product alii . However, if decreased cholesterol absorption is due solely to decreased fat absorption, the efficacy is likely to be poor or highly variable and dependent on diet composition. The primary concern with this outcome is that fat-soluble vitamins will partition into the oil phase and be sequestered, reducing their absorption. 

Kennish, R., Diet composition influences the fitness of the herbivorous crab Grapsus albolineatus, Oecologia, 105, 22, 1996. 

After some controversies concerning the effects of the diet composition and the strain of the animals on the development of nephrocyto-megaly, it was admitted that free as well as protein-bound lysinoalanine were really responsible for this effect. It also was shown that this nephro-cytomegaly was reversible (109) and that the dose response was not the same for the different stereoisomers of lysinoalanine (107,108,110) the ld isomer is more active than the ll, dl, and dd isomers. 

G. V. Iyengar, W. R. Wolf, J. T. Tanner, E. R. Morris, Content of minor and trace elements, and organic nutrients in representative mixed total diet composites from USA, Sci. Total Environ., 256 ( 2000), 215-226. 

When 7-day diet composites were collected during the four seasons of the year, Patterson et al. (37) found a mean intake of 3.0 mg Mn/day and a nutrient density of 1.6 mg Mn/1000 kcal. Based on this figure, a consumption of 1560 kcal would be adequate to meet the lower limit of the suggested safe and adequate range (63). However, in Fig. 1 the theoretical point of equilibrium is 3.55 mg and it appears that approximately 5 mg is needed to consistently maintain positive balance. These would require a daily consumption of 2250 and 3125 Kcal, respectively. Thus, it seems plausible that some individuals may be at risk for being in negative manganese balance. 

Deionized water was given for drinking purposes throughout the study period. Care was taken to ensure that the diet provided the same number of calories and protein quantity throughout the study period, including the period in which the subjects received the hospital diet. Whenever appropriate, extra trays of the hospital diet (composite of 7 days) were homogenized and analyzed for fat, protein, and zinc content. 

The need of Se-biofortiflcation has been demonstrated in Suzhou Industrial Park (SIP) in Suzhou, China, jointly constructed in 1998 by Singapore and China. First, Gao et al. (in press) determine the total Se contents in commonly consumed foods in SIP and estimated the Se daily intake by SIP residents based on their diet composition. According to the composition of residents daily diet (Yuan et al., 2007) and the Se concentrations of the selected foods in SIP, Gao et al. (in press) considered the composition of the diets of the local residents and estimated the daily Se intake in SIP to be 42.9 pg da>. The most important source of daily Se intake for residents in SIP was found to be from meats that accounted for 60.0% (Figure 16.7). Cereals, a major staple food in the local diet accounted for 25.6%. Although vegetables and... 

Jonasdottir, S. H., Gudfmnsson, H. G., and Gislason, A. (2002). Diet composition and quality for Calanus Jtnmarchicus egg production and hatching success off south-west Iceland. Mar. Biol. 140, 1195-1206. 

Jones, R., and Flynn, K. (2005). Nutritional status and diet composition affect the value of diatoms as copepod prey. Science 307, 1457—1459. 

The Working Group recognizes that in countries hke Japan, the breast milk content of LA is 6-10% of fatty acids and the DHA is higher, about 0.6%. The formula/diet composition described here is patterned on infant formula studies in Western countries. 

Nielsen FH (1985) The importance of diet composition in ultratrace element research. J Nutr 115 1239-1247. 

Although the iron content of the diet is important, of greater nutritional significance is the bioavailability of iron in food. Heme iron, which constitutes only 6% of dietary iron, is far more available and is absorbed independent of the diet composition it represents 30% of iron absorbed. 

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