Children recommended daily intake

Our very existence is dependent on a number of metals, the most common of which is iron. Some of the more important ones are described below. As essential elements, the beneficial and adverse effects of these metals have been carefully studied and recommendations developed on daily intake. These recommendations are generally very broad and can vary depending on age - child or adult, young or old - or during pregnancy. The recommended daily intakes quoted below are for adults. These recommendations are actually oral exposure levels with intestinal absorption highly variable and dependent on the metal and other variables. A quick look at a typical cereal box will demonstrate the importance placed on these elements. 

Deficiency of folic acid is a common nutritional problem of worldwide importance.13 A recommended daily intake is 0.2 mg, but because of the association between low folic acid intake and neural tube defects in infants, women of child-bearing age should have 0.4 mg / day.c e... 

Recommended daily requirement [RDA) or adequate intake CAQ for men and nonpregnant women over 20 years old. Recommended values for certain vitamins Ce.g., folic acid) may be higher in women who are pregnant. Values for children are typically lower, and are adjusted according to the child s age. 

The daily protein intake per kg recommended for each age (Table 41.1) was used to calculate the total protein for a representative weight appropriate to the age (Child Growth Foundation, 1996) the derived amount of protein was then used to calculate the daily intake of iodine. The protein and iodine contents, and the specified recommended age range and indications for use of the enteral preparations, were taken from the manufacturers literature. Readers should note that the temporal recommendations for daily iodine intake from birth through childhood, adolescence and into adulthood do not coincide chronologically with recommendations made for amino acid or protein intakes (Tables 41.1 and 41.2). 

RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCES OF SODIUM. The salt requirements of the infant and young child are estimated to be about 120-300 mg per day. Human milk contains 161 mg of sodium per liter, whereas commonly used bottle formuleis contains between 161 and 391 mg per liter, and cow s milk contains about 483 mg per liter. Average intake of sodium during the first year of life ranges from about 300 mg per day at 2 months of age to about 1,400 mg per day at 12 months ar in excess of needs. 

XMET Maxamum, HCU LV, and HCU Express are suitable for children over 8 years, teenagers and adults, including pregnant women (Table 41.10). For a 25 kg child aged 8 years requiring 2g protein/kg/day and with no source of protein or iodide other than the prescribed preparations, the daily iodide intakes could be between 117 and 138 pg/day iodine. Two preparations are higher than the current recommendation for children (120 pg/day of... 

There are 15 enteral preparations suitable for 1—10 years. At a minimal daily amino acid requirement of 3g amino acid per kg bodyweight, an infant at 1 year with a weight of 10 kg would have an iodine intake of between 80 and 134 pg/day five preparations do not meet the daily requirement of 90 pg/day iodine. The child at 10 years would have an iodine intake of between 170 and 285 pg/ day thus all preparations, if used as the sole source of nutrition, provide higher amounts than the recommended 120 pg/day iodine. 

The mechanisms by which vitamins prevent illnesses are not weU understood, and the amounts needed to lower risks for certain disease conditions may be higher than the current recommended levels for preventing nutritional deficiencies. For example, the Institute of Medicine recommends that to prevent neural tube birth defects, women of child-bearing age should consume 400 Xg of folic acid per day (but not more than 1000 Xg/day) from fortified foods and/or dietary supplements in addition to folates obtained from a varied diet. " < Ascorbic acid intakes of 80-200mg daily (8-20 times the amounts needed to prevent scurvy) may be necessary to enhance certain physiological functions and minimize specific disease risks. " ... 

In 1992, the US Public Health Service issued a recommendation that all women capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 tg of folic acid daily to reduce the risk of having a child born with a neural tube defect (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1992). Food fortification was implemented to reduce the number of pregnancies affected by NTDs (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2005). Estimates have shown that the additional intake of folic acid through food fortification has been effective in reducing the prevalence of NTDs at birth. 

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