Ionotropic receptor

Voltage-dependent Na+ Channels Nicotinic Receptors Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors Voltage-gated K+ Channels Inward Rectifier K+ Channels... 

GABAergic System Glycine Receptors Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors Nicotinic Receptors Local Anaesthetics... 

Glutamate Receptors Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors... 

HA receptors are classified into 4 subtypes Hi, H2, H3, and H4 (Hill et al, 1997). All four HA receptor types are metabotropic receptors and belong to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors. Ionotropic HA receptors are found in invertebrates (Hardie, 1989 Gisselmann et al., 2002) but are absent from vertebrates (Haas Panula, 2003). Of the four HA receptors, only the Hi, H2, and H3 receptors are found in brain. The recently discovered H4 receptor is predominantly present on leukocytes and may have a critical role in the immune system (Nguyen et al., 2001 Bakker, 2004 Haas 8i Panula, 2003). 

Keywords Glutamate receptors Ionotropic Metabotropic AMPA NMDA Kainate Stroke Traimiatic brain injury Alzheimer s disease Parkinson s disease ... 

Drugs fall into one of three categories, targeting either G protein-coupled receptors, ionotropic receptors or ion channels, or biogenic amine transporters. 

Information transfer between two neurons or between neurons and effector cells involves the release of chemical substances, which then act on the target cell by binding to appropriate receptors embedded in the plasma membrane. This process, as originally described by Otto Loewi (Loewi 1921), is termed chemical neurotransmission and occurs at contact sites known as synapses. Neurotransmitters exert their effects via members of two major families of receptors ionotropic and metabotropic neurotransmitter receptors. Activation of ionotropic receptors leads to an increase in the ion conductance of the membrane within a time scale of milliseconds or even less, whereas activation of metabotropic receptors results in slow effects (within seconds or even minutes) which involve more or less complex signaling cascades. Accordingly, information transfer via ionotropic receptors is called fast synaptic transmission, whereas the slow counterpart is called neuromodulation (Kaczmarek and Levitan 1987). 

Fig. 2. Membrane architecture of glutamate receptors. Ionotropic receptors are integral membrane spanning ion channels formed by the assembly of four or five subunits. Metabotropic glutamate receptors are G-pro-tein coupled receptors characterized by an unusually extended amino terminal domain (ATD).

As with most other neurotransmitter receptors, acetylcholine receptors are classified into ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. Ionotropic acetylcholine receptors are referred to as "nicotinic" because they are responsive to nicotine, an alkaloid compound present in cigarettes. Metabotropic acetylcholine receptors are referred to as "muscarinic" because they are sensitive to muscarine, a mushroom compound. Cholesterol has been reported to modulate the activity of both receptor types, yet most studies have been focused on the interaction... 

Nr2b (Grin2b, glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B mouse) 8505 bp... 

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