Excitatory amino acid receptor ionotropic

Laudrup P, Kiitgaard H. (1993). Metabotropic and ionotropic excitatory amino acid receptor agonists induce different behaviorai effects in mice. EurJ Pharmacol. 250(1) 15-22. 

Brauner-Osborne, H., Nielson, B., Stensbol, T.B., Johanson, TN. and Skjaerbaek, N. (1997) Molecular pharmacology of 4-substituted glutamic acid analogues at ionotropic and metatropic excitatory amino acid receptors. Eur.. Pharmacol., 335, Rl-3. 

The excitatory amino acid glutamate plays a key role in the modulation of nociceptive processing by acting through two distinct types of receptors excitatory ionotropic (tetrameric Ca /Na -channels NMDA, a-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-... 

There is substantial evidence fi om studies in the intact animal that these neurons are directly stimulated by hypoxia. Sun and colleagues have shown that microinjection of cyanide into the RVLM of rats evokes a pressor response (68). The RVLM reticulospinal sympathoexcitatory vasomotor neurons, many of which exhibit pacemaker-hke activity, are rapidly and reversibly excited in a dose-dependent manner when the cyanide is delivered by either microinjection or microiontophoresis (63,66,68,69). This excitation is not altered by blockade of ionotropic excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors in this region (70). Fiuiher, during hypoxic excitation of these RVLM reticulospinal sympathoexcitatory vasomotor neurons, their response to baroreceptor stimulation is preserved, suggesting that the... 

Dysiherbaine 187 and neodysiherbaine A 190 are novel neuroexcitotoxic, naturally occurring excitatory amino acids with selective and potent neuroexcitatory and agonistic activity for ionotropic glutamate receptors. ... 

The NMDA receptor is an ionotropic glutamate receptor involved in fast excitatory neurotransmission. It plays a key role in a variety of CNS functions, most notably long-term potentiation (LTP) and neuronal plasticity, and is regulated by several mechanisms. One such mechanism involves the amino acid glycine (1). 

The excitatoiy amino acids (EAA), glutamate and aspartate, are the principal excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain. They are released by neurons in several distinct anatomical pathways, such as corticofugal projections, but their distribution is practically ubiquitous in the central nervous system. There are both metabotropic and ionotropic EAA receptors. The metabotropic receptors bind glutamate and are labeled mGluRl to mGluRB. They are coupled via G-proteins to phosphoinositide hydrolysis, phospholipase D, and cAMP production. Ionotropic EAA receptors have been divided into three subtypes /V-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-proprionic acid (AMPA), and kainate receptors (Nakanishi 1992). 

The amino acid L-glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system (Fonnum, 1984). Glutamate exerts its excitatory effects either by activation of several G-protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors or by induction of ion fluxes by different classes of ionotropic receptors. The NMDA receptor is one of those glutamate-gated ion channels which got its name from its selective artificial agonist NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) and which controls slow but persistent ion fluxes of Na+, K+, and Ca2+ across the cell membrane. 

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