Receptor polymorphisms

Abdi R, Tran TB, Sahagun-Ruiz A, et al. Chemokine receptor polymorphism and risk of acute rejection in human renal transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002 13 754-758. 

With respect to other ethnic groups, African Americans may have a differential sensitivity to weight gain on clozapine (de Leon etal, 2007). They may also require lower doses than Caucasians (Kelly et al, 2006) and inter-individual as well as ethnic responsiveness maybe partly explained by differences in dopamine receptor polymorphisms (Hwang et al, 2005). It is conceivable that side effects may also be differentially expressed based on pharmacodynamic differences resulting from polymorphisms in other receptor types (histaminergic, muscarinic, etc.). This area remains largely unexplored with respect to ethnic differences in antipsychotic side effects. 

Xing, Q. el al. (2006a). The relationship between the therapeutic response to risperidone and the dopamine D2 receptor polymorphism in Chinese schizophrenia patients. Int. J. Neuropsy-chopharmacol., 10, 631-7. 

Wu, W.H., Huo, S.J., Cheng, C.Y., Hong, C.J. Tsai, S.J. (2001). Association study ofthe 5-HT (6) receptor polymorphism (C267T) and symptomatology and antidepressant response in major depressive disorders. Neuropsychobiology, 44, 172-5. 

Beta-2-adrenergic receptor Beta-2-adrenergic receptor Beta-2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms affect Susceptibility to lower airway reactivity... 

Holloway JW, Dunbar PR, Riley GA, Sawyer GM, Fitzharris PF, Pearce N et al. Association of beta2-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms with severe asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2000 30[8] 1097-1103. 

Source Sofowora GG, et al. A common ft-adrenergic receptor polymorphism (Arg389Gly) affects blood pressure response to /J-blockade, Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics 73 366-371 (2003). 

Terra, S. G., McGorray, S. P., Wu, R., et al. (2005) Association between beta-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and their G-protein-coupled receptors with body mass index and obesity in women a report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study. Int. J Obes. (Lond). 29, 746-754. 

Small, K. M., Mcgraw, D. W., and Liggett, S. B. (2003) Pharmacology and physiology of human adrenergic receptor polymorphisms. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 43, 381M11. 

Laven, J. S. E., Mulders, A. G. M. G., Suryandari, D. A., et al. (2003) EoUicle-stimulating hormone receptor polymorphisms in women with normogonadotropic anovulatory infertility. Fertil. Steril. 80,986-992. 

Kormann, M. S. D., Carr, D., Klopp, N., et al. (2005) G-protein-coupled receptor polymorphisms are associated with asthma in a large German population. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med. 171, 1358-1362. 

The dopamine D -like receptor polymorphisms include SNPs, variable-number tandem repeats (VNTRs), and splice variants (58,59). The polymorphic forms of the dopamine D receptor, for example, manifest as variable numbers of 48-bp repeat sequences (denoted D j to D., ) (49). 

S.2.4.2 Heart Disease Associated with (i -Adrenergic Receptor Polymorphisms... 

Liggett, S. B., Wagoner, L. E., Craft, L. L., et al. (1998) The Ilel64 beta(2)-adrenergic receptor polymorphism adversely affects the outcome of congestive heart failure. J. Clin. Invest. 102, 1534-1539. 

Marchal-Victorion, S., Vionnet, N., Escrieut, C., et al. (2002) Genetic, pharmacological and functional analysis of cholecystokinin-1 and cholecystokinin-2 receptor polymorphism in type 2 diabetes and obese patients. Pharmacogenetics. 12, 23-30. 

Kotani Y, Nishimura Y, MaedaH, YokoyamaM. (1999) Beta2-Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms affect airway responsiveness to salbutamol in asthmatics. J Asthma. 36, 583-590. 

Hao L, Sayers I, Cakebread JA, et al. (2006) The cysteinyl-leukotriene type 1 receptor polymorphism 927T/C is associated with atopy severity but not with asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 36,735-741. 

Rowe, D., Stever, C., Giedinghagen, L., Gard, J., Cleveland, H., Terris, S., Mohr, J., Sherman, S., Abramowitz, A., and Waldman, I. (1998) Dopamine DRD4 receptor polymorphism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disotdet. Mol Psychiatry 3 419-426. 

The affinity of host effector cells to rituximab has been known to mediate the ADCC activity of effector cells (5). In addition, the Fey receptor polymorphism has been found to affect the binding capacities and clinical responses to rituximab (5,6). This issue will be discussed later in this chapter. 

Alemtuzumab has shown impressive results in refractory or relapsed CLL as well as up-front therapy for untreated CLL (35). The use of alemtuzumab to eradicate minimal residual disease of CLL is also reasonable (36). The role of Fey receptor polymorphisms on the clinical activity of alemtuzumab for CLL has not been extensively studies and will be discussed later. 

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