Reason for the beneficiation

As previously discussed, one of the reasons for the beneficial effects exhibited by LAB is a direct antagonistic action against harmful microorganisms. However, the exact mechanisms by which LAB affect the microflora of the intestinal tract are not clearly understood. 

There are two principal reasons for the beneficiation of oil shale. First, a reduction in solids handling intensity of... 

The striking features after oxidation of Ti35A15Nb for 4h at 900°C are the slight enrichment of aluminium in the metal subsurface zone instead of aluminium depletion, the preferred formation of AlON in wide parts of the metal/oxide interface and the development of a rather dense, coarse-grained partial layer consisting of titania in the oxide scale. Several reasons for the beneficial effect of niobium addition on the oxidation behaviour are discussed in the literature [5,10,11]. Beside the influence of niobium on the aTl/aAI ratio and expansion of the 7-TiAl phase field the effect of doping of titania by niobium is often discussed. By doping of titania with niobium the concentra-... 

The effect of water depends on its concentration. In very dry acetonitrile, nu-cleation is inhibited [150] and the resulting films are not easily reduced to the neutral state the reasons for the beneficial role played by water in trace amounts has not been clarified. On the contrary, a significant amount of water in the synthesis medium has been found to cause the incorporation of carbonyl groups in the forming polymer and has deleterious consequences for the electropolymerization reaction, the conjugation length, and the conductivity [151-153]. 

The reason for the beneficial effect of the EFA against X-irradiation damage can only be conjectured. Since there is some indication that linoleate is required for the growth of new tissues, as well as for the repair of damaged ones, the restitution of such injured tissues would proceed more rapidly in the cases in which an adequate supply of EFA was available. The primary tissue injured by exposure to X-rays under most conditions is the skin. Since it is known that the EFA are concentrated in the subcutaneous fat, the protective effect of linoleate may be ascribable to the rapid local healing afforded in the subcutaneous tissues the variation in time required for this process to take place with a high EFA storage, as compared with that in an EFA-deficient animal, may spell the difference in survival in the presence and absence of a fat which contains EFA. 

Overall, the authors expect that it is now clear to the reader that microwave technology not only can reduce reaction times from hours to seconds and improve yields and selectivities of known transformations but also can facilitate the discovery of new and unforeseen stereoselective reactions because of convenience in reactions parameters control provided by modem dedicated equipment. Also, the early scalability issues of microwave-assisted processes have been solved, and dedicated industrial-scale systems are available. Although the actual reasons for the beneficial effect of microwave irradiation are not completely well understood and are still debated, the bottom line is that when a thermal activation is needed to perform an organic transformation, microwave irradiation should be the first choice and not the last resort. 

Significant differences in net photosynthetic assimilation of carbon dioxide are apparent between C, C, and CAM biomass species. One of the principal reasons for the generally lower yields of C biomass is its higher rate of photorespiration if the photorespiration rate could be reduced, the net yield of biomass would increase. Considerable research is in progress (ca 1992) to achieve this rate reduction by chemical and genetic methods, but as yet, only limited yield improvements have been made. Such an achievement with C biomass would be expected to be very beneficial for foodstuff production and biomass energy appHcations. 

The problem of low specific surface (which, however, has a beneficial effect on the corrosion rate) cannot be solved so easily. This was one important reason for the development of the alkaline Mn02 / zinc cell known as "alkaline" or "PAM" (primary alkaline manganese dioxide). 

There are slight but acceptable differences in density and viscosity the higher flash point is a beneficial safety feature and the absence of sulfur in plant oils is the reason for the excellent SO emission profile of biodiesel. 

An interesting case is the prevention of cardio-vascular diseases as a result of the consumption of wine. Like most fruits grapes are rich in polyphenols, and the process of wine making results in the concentration of polyphenols. Wine polyphenols are considered to have beneficial effects on coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. The presence of polyphenols in wine are thought to be the reason for the French paradox France was shown to have a coronary mortality rate close to that of China and Japan in spite of the high amount of saturated fat and cholesterol levels in the French diet. The consumption of red wine in France, however, is considerably higher than in either China or Japan (Staggs, 1996). 

When cancer is diagnosed, three primary treatment modalities are available surgery, radiation treatment, and cancer chemotherapy. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the basic rationale of cancer chemotherapy and to provide an overview of the drugs that are currently available to treat specific forms of cancer. Rehabilitation specialists will routinely work with patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. For reasons that will become apparent in this chapter, these drugs tend to produce toxic effects that directly influence physical therapy and occupational therapy procedures. Therefore, this chapter should provide therapists with a better understanding of the pharmacodynamic principles and beneficial effects, as well as the reasons for the potential adverse effects of these important drugs. 

The first two sections of this review have dealt with the enolisation of monocarbonyl compounds. Due to the relevance of new information gathered over the last ten years and to the present author s conviction that major beneficial advances will occur in the near future, some topics, viz. the concerted mechanism, stereochemical aspects and thermodynamic data, have been more lengthily developed than others. One of the main reasons for the new perspective lies in the fact that it is now possible to prepare simple enols which have sufficiently long life-times that enol ketonisation can be studied directly. 

---