Realist perspective

Van Aerschot A (2006) Oligonucleotides as antivirals dream or realistic perspective Antiviral Res 71 307-316... 

Stephens, James and Russow, Lilly-Marlene. Brains in Vats and the Internal Realist Perspective. Australasian Journal of Philosophy 6 (1985) 205-212. 

Characterization of 1,1-dichloroethane s metabolism relies heavily on in vitro data. These studies reveal that the biotransformation process is mediated by cytochrome P-450 with hepatic microsomes being the most effective. Identification of products in these microsomal studies allows for the prediction of metabolic pathways. However, exposure to 1,1-dichloroethane under in vivo conditions may alter substrate availability and consequently alter the metabolic scheme. In vivo studies would provide a better understanding of the rate and extent of 1,1- dichloroethane metabolism and a more realistic perspective of its metabolic fate. This information would allow more accurate prediction of the potential of 1,1-dichloroethane to induce toxic effects, and aid in devising methods to detoxify exposed persons. 

However, with early diagnosis and consistent treatment, HC has a good prognosis. In a comparison of treated versus untreated patients with HC, 5-year survival rates of 89% (vs. 33%) or 92%, with an overall 10-year survival rate of 76% were observed. When cirrhosis was already manifest, the survival rate was only 62% after 10 years, whereas it was 93% in non-cirrhotic patients. We believe that normal life expectancy is indeed a realistic perspective. One of our patients died after 19 years of consistent treatment of causes apparently unrelated to HC. 

Rehabilitation is designed to reintegrate people with physical or mental impairment into both their professional and personal environment. It comprises aftercare with a social component in the sense that society is called upon to help, and thus it is a communal undertaking. Rehabilitative measures should start as early as possible during the curative phase. Once the disease has consolidated and as soon as the prognosis offers a realistic perspective, the physician should address the question of rehabilitation. The necessity for rehabilitation depends on the severity of the symptoms and/or the psychosocial problems involved. 

The purpose of the molecular modelling is to generate models of sufficient quality to allow the computation of geometric descriptors, allow realistic perspective drawings of molecular... 

Progress towards determining the detailed mechanism of this reaction has not fully realised the promise of the earlier work. Current understanding of the KMn04 decomposition reaction has been critically reviewed by Herbstein et al. [17] who provide a realistic perspective of the present situation against the background of an extensive publication hst. The conclusions that are acceptable and the problems that remain unresolved are discussed. 

Psychological maturity of any kind is not genetically endowed. It must be earned and learned. It is a gathering of powerof self-understanding, of realistic perspective, and of effective choice. It does not come easy. It comes from hard life experience. At least at home, the only child lacks exposure to the ups and downs, the give and take, the push and shove of sibling life from which much emotional maturity can be learned. 

It is of course essential to respect the rights, beliefs, and wishes of everyone involved in such issues. In cases where direct ancestry can be demonstrated, human remains should be returned to descendants for reburial. But in many cases, there are no direct hues of affiliation. Native American groups have been decimated and pushed from place to place across more recent American history. So much information is lost to science, to Native American peoples, and to all of us by the reburial and eventual destruction of these skeletal remains. We would know much more about the human past if such materials were available for study. We can only hope that legislation such as NAGPRA will be revisited and revised in light of a more realistic perspective on the importance of the past. 

Allowing distorted thinking to create an exaggerated picture of hopelessness and helplessness. (Therefore, provide a realistic perspective.)... 

Now what can individuals do to bring about a more realistic perspective for chemical and biological preparedness in our nonmilitary defense ... 

From the perspective of a faculty hiring another faculty, I would like to know if someone thinks first about their own career or the career of their students and fellows. In the long term, helping the career of students and fellows is beneficial to everyone. I also want to see that someone takes a realistic perspective of their work within the broader context of science, technology, and life itself."... 

Addressing an operationalisation of the critical realist perspective presented above, Aven Renn (2009a)... 

The historic overview clearly shows that a wide range of perspectives has been applied in risk assessments for maritime transportation. Most of the work is rooted in the idea that a true, mind-independent risk exists in line with realist perspectives on the continuum of Table 1. Using different modeling approaches, the majority of the methods aim to estimate this true risk. While the use of expert judgment has gained steady support, many of the applications rely heavily on accident and traffic data. Even when judgment is applied, it is considered to be truth-oriented. From the overview, it is also found that constructivist views, where the assessment is seen rather as a reflection of an assessor s interpretation of the system risk, are rare. The uncertainty view, where an assessor expresses his uncertainty about the occurrence of events and consequences, is not found in the application area. 

This implies that the adopted definition does not necessarily provide much information regarding the foundational perspective. E.g. risk definitions based on expected values (Cl) can lead to very realist perspectives on risk if such a definition is taken to literally mean that risk as a concept is equal to an expected value, as e.g. in (Kaneko 2002 Mermiris Vassalos 2010 Akhtar et al. 2012 Montewka, Ehlers, et al. 2010). However, the same definition can be used in a more stipulative sense, to define risk measures as in e.g. (Harrald et al. 1998 Ulusgu et al. 2009). The risk concept is then implicitly understood more widely, but the Cl-deflnition is seen as useful in the specified context. 

Thus it is on practical sociological grounds that 1 select my realist perspective. 

It is important to maintain a realistic perspective, especially as a patient safety leader. The odds of patients being helped far outweigh their chances of being harmed. 

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