Reactor dynamics characteristic

For hazard category 1 and 2 research reactors, dynamic characteristics of the soil profile may be determined by means of cross holes or geophysical methods up to the base rock or to a depth of at least 1.5 times the maximum foundation depth. The dynamic characteristics of the soil material for each layer may include ... 

Similarly, it is often impossible, or at least very difficult, to experimentally determine the characteristics of a measurement system under the conditions where it is used. It is certainly possible to fill an emulsion polymerization reactor with water and determine the dynamic-characteristics of the temperature measurement system. However, it is not possible to determine these characteristics when the reactor is filled with the emulsion under polymerization conditions. 

Chapter 3 concerns the dynamic characteristics of stagewise types of equipment, based on the concept of the well-stirred tank. In this, the various types of stirred-tank chemical reactor operation are considered, together with allowance for heat effects, non-ideal flow, control and safety. Also included is the modelling of stagewise mass transfer applications, based on liquid-liquid extraction, gas absorption and distillation. 

Differential quantum yield. It is considered as a dynamic characteristics of the system and is defined as the ratio of the reaction rate to the photon flux (calculated horn the radiant flux, the intensities of the rays of the UV lamp, the transmittance of the optical window of the reactor, and the absorbance of TiC>2). A quantum yield of ca. 0.1 was found in the region where r varies linearly with . 

Compute the basic dynamic characteristics for an industrial UNIPOEr reactor. 

JAEA conducted an improvement of the RELAP5 MOD3 code (US NRC, 1995), the system analysis code originally developed for LWR systems, to extend its applicability to VHTR systems (Takamatsu, 2004). Also, a chemistry model for the IS process was incorporated into the code to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of process heat exchangers in the IS process (Sato, 2007). The code covers reactor power behaviour, thermal-hydraulics of helium gases, thermal-hydraulics of the two-phase steam-water mixture, chemical reactions in the process heat exchangers and control system characteristics. Field equations consist of mass continuity, momentum conservation and energy conservation with a two-fluid model and reactor power is calculated by point reactor kinetics equations. The code was validated by the experimental data obtained by the HTTR operations and mock-up test facility (Takamatsu, 2004 Ohashi, 2006). 

It now looks as if we have achieved the best of all worlds a thermally efficient process with an easy-to-control reactor Can this be true Not quite. What we forget are the undesirable effects on the reactor that thermal feedback introduces. In Chap. 4 we explained in detail how7 process feedback is responsible for the same issues we tried to avoid in the first place by selecting an adiabatic plug-flow reactor. It is necessary that we take a close look at the steady-state and dynamic characteristics of FEHE systems. 

The dynamic characteristics of an entire reactor system. Interaction of external forcing with heat and mass transfer may result in temperature and composition patterns in the reactor that are close to optimum and unattainable in steady state. 

There are as yet no theoretical correlations capable of predicting the viscosity, pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient in the preheater. Some empirical correlations for this purpose are available in the literature (11,13-16,38). The hydro-dynamic characteristics of three phase slurry reactors have been extensively reviewed (1,39,40,41). Suitable correlations have... 

Kallinikos LE, Papayannakos NG. Fluid dynamic characteristics of a structured bed spiral mini-reactor. Chem. Eng. ScL 2007b 62 5979. 

Independent of design specifics, the dynamic characteristics of a fuel cycle of reactor concepts relate to specific inventories and mass flow rates. 

The influence of the delayed neutrons and of the flux-temperature coupling on the dynamical characteristics of a stationary-fuel reactor was demonstrated in the preceding sections. These two factors are also essential to the dynamical behavior of circulating-fuel systems. In the present section we treat several aspects of the general problem and in particular show how the influence of the delayed neutrons and of the temperature coupling is altered by the circulation of the fuel. Since the... 

AYGOZHIEV K.K., BARANAEV YU. D., GLEBOV A.P., Project of RUTA pool-type reactor for heat and neutron supply. Research Reactors Science and High Technologies (Proc. Conf, Dimitrovgrad, Russia, June 2001, in Russian). ADAMOVICH L.A., EREMEEV D.V., Dynamic characteristics of UNTTHERM reactors of different design. International Scientific and Practical Conference on Small Nuclear Power Plants - 2003 (Proc. Int. Conf. Obninsk, Russia, November 2003, in Russian), p. 23. 

As shown in Refs. 22 and 33, the performance of the feedforward control allows perfect compensation of disturbances that can arise, for example, from a step-change in the purge ratio, so that the reactor polymer characteristics (composition, molecular weight) are unaffected. Without the presence of the feedforward controllers the reactor dynamics and hence its control can be affected directly by the presence of three lags in series (reactor, separator, hold tank) and thus become unnecessarily more complex. 

Several reported chemical systems of gas-liquid precipitation are first reviewed from the viewpoints of both experimental study and industrial application. The characteristic feature of gas-liquid mass transfer in terms of its effects on the crystallization process is then discussed theoretically together with a summary of experimental results. The secondary processes of particle agglomeration and disruption are then modelled and discussed in respect of the effect of reactor fluid dynamics. Finally, different types of gas-liquid contacting reactor and their respective design considerations are overviewed for application to controlled precipitate particle formation. 

This paper presents the physical mechanism and the structure of a comprehensive dynamic Emulsion Polymerization Model (EPM). EPM combines the theory of coagulative nucleation of homogeneously nucleated precursors with detailed species material and energy balances to calculate the time evolution of the concentration, size, and colloidal characteristics of latex particles, the monomer conversions, the copolymer composition, and molecular weight in an emulsion system. The capabilities of EPM are demonstrated by comparisons of its predictions with experimental data from the literature covering styrene and styrene/methyl methacrylate polymerizations. EPM can successfully simulate continuous and batch reactors over a wide range of initiator and added surfactant concentrations. 

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