Composite Pattern

The diffraction patterns of isochiral clusters of tubes with different chiral angles in MWCNTs are superimposed in the composite pattern, the different chiral angles can be measured separately by diffraction contrast imaging [26]. 

Total specimens for the seven reference units are given, by site provenience, in Table 3. The units are represented in five dimensional discriminant space, the coordinates for the first two dimensions being shown in figure 4. These two vectors account for 72 percent of the total discriminant power. For convenience, approximate territorial lines have been added to the plot. Apparently representing the compositional pattern of locally made Palenque pottery, units 1 and 2 are enclosed within a single territorial boundary. Less well represented but, as will be seen, of considerable interest for the incesario problem, is unit 7, which relates primarily to the site of Xupa. Observable separation of units 3, 4, and 5 is possible only when utilizing additional discriminant functions beyond the first and second. In... 

The recursive composite pattern shows up in many problems. With np=1, no loops ... 

Figure 2. Elemental composition pattern of the red and yellow clays compared with calculated mix of the red and yellow patterns and with pattern of pottery sample made from an actual mix of the two clays plus added sand and...

There were a few sherds with totally unique compositional patterns, and these will probably not be placed, at least until much more is known of the elemental concentration patterns for the whole Near East. In this category is a group (1 in Table VIII) of nine sherds having the same pattern unfortunately none of these have forms recognizable to the Hesi archaeologists. 

It seemed to us that the whole problem of Olmec trade and the interrelationship of the preclassic sites in Mesoamerica offered an unusually favorable case for the method of grouping via paste-compositional patterns based on neutron activation analysis. As a start on this program we include here the analysis of six preclassic Tlatilco figurines, and we compare their analyses with those of two modern specimens and touch upon the archaeological conclusions possible. 

From the correlation between the ancient pottery and modern clay one can draw several significant conclusions in addition to the most immediately obvious one that the matching ancient pots were locally made. The amount of temper in the ancient pottery, as evidenced by our comparison with the clay source, has not diluted or otherwise significantly altered the compositional pattern of the ceramic. Also the pottery must not have significantly changed in composition during burial. In addition we observed a small but significant difference between the composition... 

Use of obsidian in South America has been documented from about 13,000 years B.P. through the beginning of the Spanish Conquest. Several of the most archaeologically important sources of obsidian in South America are located in the Andes. mountain region of southern Peru. Due to the difficult terrain and volatile political environment, the locations for many of these sources were unknown to archaeologists until quite recently. Neutron activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence have been used to measure the compositional patterns for individual sources. The comprehensive source database established by this work enables definitive and cost-effective assignments of provenance to obsidian artifacts from archaeological sites in Peru and northern Bolivia. 

A compound library contains one to many compound samples. In other words, library and compound sample form a Has-A relationship. At the same time, library and compound samples also share some common attributes such as project, chemist, and notebook. Therefore, they should have a common base class—we call it ChemicalEntity. In Figure 12.14, abstract class ChemicalEntity owns properties that are common to ChemicalLibrary and Chemicals ample, such as chemist, project, creation date, and notebook. Both ChemicalLibrary and ChemicalSample classes extend ChemicalEntity. The association line from ChemicalLibrary to ChemicalEntity indicates that a ChemicalLibrary is a composite of other chemical entities. This design is described as the Composite Pattern in the GoF book (Gamma et al., 1995). The benefit of the Composite Pattern is that component and composite share the same interfaces and therefore their clients can invoke them transparently without knowing whether they are dealing with a component or a composite at run time. 

The Composite Pattern It allows you to compose objects into tree structures to represent part-whole hierarchies. Composite lets clients treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly. 

The ChemicalSample class is implemented as the leaf in the Composite Pattern ... 

Based on the above analysis, we come to the conclusion that Sample ID and Compound ID form a Has-A relationship. The same is true between Compound ID and Parent ID. At the same time, Compound ID and Parent ID also form an Is-A relationship in that both of them have a Prefix and a Base as their attributes. The same is true between Sample ID and Compound ID in that they both have Parent ID, Form, and Check. This type of relationship is similar to the ChemicalSample-ChemicalLibrary relationship and can be represented by the GoF Composite Pattern (Gamma et al 1995) as shown in Figure 12.15. 

Pateraki S, Assimakopoulos VD, Bougiatioti A, Kouvarakis G, Mihalopoulos N, Vasilakos C (2012) Carbonaceous and ionic compositional patterns of fine particles over an urban Mediterranean area. Sci Total Environ 424 251-263... 

Recently, chemically patterned surfaces have attracted a lot of attention due to their potential use as templates for lateral ordering of polymer films. On a micrometer scale, liquid dewets such surfaces and segregates on surface areas which exhibit preferential interaction with the liquid [360,361 ]. A few successful attempts have been made to transfer a lateral variation in surface energy into a composition pattern in the polymer film [16,362,363]. Figure 39a shows a laterally patterned structure which consist of periodic stripes of alternating PVP and PS domains. One of the domains, e.g. PVP, could be removed by dissolution in a... 

The size distribution of air particles not only influences the distribution and partitioning dynamics of POPs, but also determines dry and wet deposition flux of POPs. An interesting phenomenon was observed for relationship among atmospheric PAHs, particle size distribution, and the levels of PAHs in soil (Kim, 2004). For urban sites, the composition pattern and absolute concentrations of PAHs in soil were well correlated with those in air where the atmospheric particles size was distributed evenly among seasons with predominant amount of fine particles < 3 pm. Dry deposition flux of PAHs followed seasonal variation in atmospheric concentration in urban site. However, at a suburban site with large seasonal variation in particle size distribution, dry deposition flux and soil residue did not reflect the seasonal variation of atmospheric PAHs. From this result, site-specificity in atmospheric particle distribution may also influence the distribution and residues in the underlying soil. 

Geden, C.J., Bernier, U.R., Carlson, D.A. and Sutton, B.D. (1998). Identification of Muscidifurax spp., parasitoids of muscoid flies, by composition patterns of cuticular hydrocarbons. Biol. Control, 12, 200-207. 

Polymorphic mixtures Composite pattern of crystalline components 0.5-2 0.5-2 Composite spectrum of each absorbing component 5-10... 

Other mechanisms for fixing patterns involve laying down membranes to catch the prepattern (3.). For example, if there is an (m = 0, — l)-like composition pattern before cell division and if division occurs parallel to the equator, then (as in Fucus)... 

Fig. 1 X-Ray diffraction pallems of the (a) as-synthesized aminoclay and (b) the Au-aminoday composite. Pattern (a) shows a low-angle reflection with a Lxn spacing of 1.4 nm corresponding to the bilayer arrangement of propylamino groups. indicates the peaks corresponding to Au nanoparticles.

Trace element compositions of airborne particles are important for determining sources and behavior of regional aerosol, as emissions from major sources are characterized by their elemental composition patterns. We have investigated airborne trace elements in a complex regional environment through application of receptor models. A subset (200) of fine fraction samples collected by Shaw and Paur (1,2) in the Ohio River Valley (ORV) and analyzed by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) were re-analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The combined data set, XRF plus INAA, was subjected to receptor-model interpretations, including chemical mass balances (CMBs) and factor analysis (FA). Back trajectories of air masses were calculated for each sampling period and used with XRF data to select samples to be analyzed by INAA. 

In this study we have employed the simultaneous collection of atmospheric particles and gases followed by multielement analysis as an approach for the determination of source-receptor relationships. A number of particulate tracer elements have previously been linked to sources (e.g., V to identify oil-fired power plant emissions, Na for marine aerosols, and Pb for motor vehicle contribution). Receptor methods commonly used to assess the interregional impact of such emissions include chemical mass balances (CMBs) and factor analysis (FA), the latter often including wind trajectories. With CMBs, source-strengths are determined (1) from the relative concentrations of marker elements measured at emission sources. When enough sample analyses are available, correlation calculations from FA and knowledge of source-emission compositions may identify groups of species from a common source type and identify potential marker elements. The source composition patterns are not necessary as the elemental concentrations in each sample are normalized to the mean value of the element. Recently a hybrid receptor model was proposed by Lewis and Stevens (2) in which the dispersion, deposition, and conversion characteristics of sulfur species in power-plant emissions... 

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