Reactive polymer coatings

Lahann, J., Balcells, M., Lu, H., Rodon, T., Jensen, K.F., Langer, R., Reactive polymer coatings A first step toward surface engineering of microfluidic devices. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 2117-2122. 

The relatively high surface of microreactors can be taken advantage of to enhance surface-catalyzed reactions. For example, Langer et al. have utilized reactive polymer coatings in microreactors to produce various biomolecules and to perform bioassays, as illustrated in Fig. The addition of monoliths or posts to... 

Lahann J, Balcells M, Rodon T, Lee J, Choi IS, Jensen KF, Langer R (2002) Reactive polymer coatings a platform for patterning proteins and mammalian cells onto a broad range of materials. Langmuir 18(9) 3632-3638... 

Lahann J, Balcells M, Lu H, Rodon T, Jensen KF, Danger R (2003) Reactive Polymer Coatings A First Step toward Surface Engineering of Microfluidic Devices. Anal Chem 75(9) 2117-2122... 

The design of biologically active surfaces offers a new dimension to the development of advanced materials for biomedical and microfluidic applications. Our approach to creating these surfaces is via the fabrication of vapor-based reactive polymer coatings, which provide sophisticated functional groups for the immobilization of biological ligands. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization has been used to prepare a wide spectrum of hinctionalized poly(p-xylylenes). The applicability of a few of these reactive surfaces as stable platforms for biomimetic modifications is discussed in this review. 

The introduced method for the preparation and in situ attachment of fibrillar collagen and glycosaminoglycans assemblies to reactive polymer coatings comprises an efficient technique for a straightforward biofunctionahza-tion of cell culture carriers and medical devices. As a basic advantage the... 

To an experienced operator trained in the handling of industrial chemicals, the dimers present Httle cause for concern in handling or storage. The finished polymer coating presents even less of a health problem contact with the reactive monomer is unlikely. In the ancillary operations, such as cleaning or adhesion promotion, the operator must observe suitable precautions. Before using the process chemicals, operators must read and understand the current Material Safety Data Sheets, which are available from the manufacturers. 

Polyurethanes differ from most other polymers in that polymerization frequently takes place at the same time that we are molding or forming them into a usable shape. The three most common processes of this type are reactive foaming, reactive injection molding (RIM), and reactive spray coating. 

Rhee, H.W. and Bell, J.P. (1991). Effects of reactive and non-reactive fiber coatings upon performance of graphite/epoxy composites. Polym. Composites 12, 213-225. 

Liu and Rauch (2003) of Motorola investigated oligonucleotide probe attachment onto polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polypropylene (PP) plastic surfaces. They utilized three different immobilization processes SurModics surface modification solution (that allows attachment of adsorbed reactive groups to a surface by photoactivation of polymers at 254 nm). Pierce Reactive-Bind coating solution, and CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, a cationic detergent). Not surprisingly, the microarray performances on these plastics varied. 

Post-crosslinkable and substrate reactive polymers are widely used to Improve water and solvent resistance, strength, substrate adhesion and block resistance In binders, adhesives and coatings. The surprisingly rich chemistry of a new class of functional monomers (eg. 1 and 2) related to standard amide/aldehyde (amlnoplast) condensates, but which eliminate aldehyde emissions, was elucidated by monomeric model and mechanistic studies and discussed In the preceeding paper (1). Results with these monomers In copolymer systems are reported here. 

There are two possibilities for practical implementation. If the polymers with the heterocyclic groups are to be isolated in powder form, the polycyclocondensation can be achieved in the same reaction mixture, i.e., in solution. However, if the polymer is to be isolated in the form of fibers, foils, coatings, or adhesives, the following procedure is appropriate The soluble, still reactive polymers of the first reaction step are poured out, e.g., as a film, or spun into a fiber. Then the solvent is evaporated and afterwards the polycyclocondensation is carried out by heating the finished article in the solid state. 

Methylaziridine is a reactive alkylating agent that is used as an intermediate in the production of polymers, coatings, adhesives, textiles and paper finishes (lARC, 1975). 

Ryu et al. (37) and Xanthos et al. (38) prepared thin films of sintered PP, 200-300 micron diameter, precoated at room temperature with POX E . The films were allowed to react in a constant-temperature oven and samples were withdrawn and analyzed to determine Mw and MWD. It was found that the reduction rates of the M v and MWD became essentially zero after six to seven half-lives of POX E as measured in dodecane. The conclusion is, since there is no mixing during reaction, the diffusion rate of the POX coating onto the PP particulates is not rate controlling, that is, CR-PP for those coated 200-300-pm PP powder particulates is not diffusion controlled. In reactive processing one should strive for process conditions and reaction kinetics where the reactive polymer processing environment is uniform, resulting in uniform product. We discuss this in Sections 11.2 and 11.3. 

In this case, both the hydrogen gas that is formed (and lost) in the reaction process, as well as fairly high temperatures, would be necessary to regenerate metallic silver. (3) Highly reactive analytes and/or coating materials can cause permanent alteration of the physical structure of the coating material, e.g., the scission of C-C bonds in a polymer coating as a result of the action of a powerful oxidant such as ozone. 

Polymer coatings on cellulose or silica have also been produced [137] by immobilizing over their surface reactive photoinitiators based on hydroxyalkylphe-none moieties [cell-GEHMP and Si02-Si(E0) HMP, respectively] (Scheme 36) able to initiate, upon irradiation, the polymerization of acrylate monomers. 

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