Hypochlorites, reaction with

Chemical Properties. Potassium cyanide is readily oxidized to potassium cyanate [590-28-3] by heating in the presence of oxygen or easily reduced oxides, such as those of lead or tin or manganese dioxide, and in aqueous solution by reaction with hypochlorites or hydrogen peroxide. 

Methyl ketones are degraded to the next lower carboxylic acid by reaction with hypochlorite or hypobromite ions. The initial step in these reactions involves base-catalyzed halogenation. The a-haloketones are more reactive than their precursors, and rapid halogenation to the trihalo compound results. Trihalomethyl ketones are susceptible to alkaline cleavage because of the inductive stabilization provided by the halogen atoms. 

Solid hypochlorites [e.g., high test hypochlorite (HTH), super tropical bleach (STB), and Dutch powder] are also effective in destroying G-series agents. Reaction with hypochlorites, including household bleach, may produce toxic gases such as chlorine. 

Reaction with hypochlorite solution also produces chloramine. Ammonia reacts with iodine to form nitrogen triiodide, which further combines with a molecule of NH3 to form an adduct NI3 NH3, an insoluble brown-black sohd which decomposes upon exposure to light in the presence of NH3 ... 

In the case of vanadium(II), iron(II), and chromium(II), chlorate is also formed as an intermediate. In the case of chromium (I I), there is apparently some reaction with hypochlorite. But even in this case, there appears to be an additional step corresponding to the reaction between chlorate and chromium (I I). 

Dicarboxyl starch can also be made by oxidation with sodium hypochlorite or hypobromite (see reference 116). Reaction with hypochlorite is accelerated by use of catalytic amounts of sodium bromide.123,124... 

Proteins, due to the complexity of their chemical structures, undergo oxidative modifications in subsequent stages which depend both on the presence of oxidation-susceptible groups and on steric availability of these groups for oxidant attacks (S25). Some oxidative structural modifications produced in proteins are common in various oxidants. Some modifications, such as chlorinated and nitrated protein derivatives produced in reactions with hypochlorite, peroxynitrite, and nitric dioxide, are specific for the oxidants employed. Certain oxidative protein modifications, such as interchain or intrachain disulfide bond formation or thiolation, are reversible and may be reduced back to the protein native form when oxidative stress is over (Dl). Other changes, such as sulfone formation, chlorination, and nitration, are irreversible and effect protein denaturation and promote its subsequent degradation. 

Flammable by chemical reaction with heat, moisture, acid. Many cyanides rather easily evolve HCN, a flammable gas that is highly toxic. Carbon dioxide from the air is sufficiently acidic to liberate HCN from cyanide solutions. Reaction with hypochlorite solutions may be violent at pH 10.0-10.3. Cyanides explode if melted with nitrites or chlorates at about 450°. Violent... 

The reactions with hypochlorite have also been examined in alkaline solution by Prokopcikas et They report the reaction to be second-order for... 

The simplest of the diazirines, diazirine itself, has now been obtained by a number of different routes. Perhaps the most convenient prepa ration is from a methylene-bis-ammonium salt by reaction with hypochlorite. Diazirine is a colorless gas, b.p. — 14°C. It is explosive and should always be handled with caution. Schmitz reported that it... 

We have found that carboxylic acids are obtained advantageously from methyl ketones by reaction with hypochlorites in an aqueous medium... 

Chemical agent decontaminant (CAD) is the standard UK CW agent decontaminant and is prepared from sodium dichloroisocyanurate (FiClor, 85 g), sodium hydroxide (225 g) and boric acid (85 g) containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (detergent) in water (9 litres). The activity of the solution is reduced by 50% after 1 h. The solution is freshly prepared from its individual solid components immediately prior to use and has a pH of 10.2. Like hypochlorite, FiClor is a source of electropositive chlorine. Although detailed studies into products and reaction mechanisms have not been carried out, it is likely that the decontamination of V- and G-agents by CAD follows a similar course to the reactions with hypochlorite under basic conditions. 

HAZARD RISK Flammable by chemical reaction with heat. Moisture and acid reaction with hypochlorite solutions may be violent at pH 10-10.3 explodes if melted with nitrates or chlorates contact with acid, acid fumes, water or steam emits toxic and flammable vapors of CN NFPA code sodium cyanide H 3 F 0 R 0. 

---