Ammonia reaction with hypochlorite

Reaction with hypochlorite solution also produces chloramine. Ammonia reacts with iodine to form nitrogen triiodide, which further combines with a molecule of NH3 to form an adduct NI3 NH3, an insoluble brown-black sohd which decomposes upon exposure to light in the presence of NH3 ... 

Ammonia reacts with hypochlorite to form monochloroamine. The latter reacts with phenol to form an intensely blue compound, indophenol. The reaction is catalyzed by MnS04. The reaction steps are as follows ... 

In the presence of the catalyst nitroprusside, ammonia reacts with hypochlorite and phenol to give indophenol, which is coloured blue in alkaline solution. This reaction can therefore be used to estimate blood ammonia. It can also be used to measure urea when used in conjunction with the enzyme urease which catalyses the conversion of urea to ammonia. 

In the modified Raschlg process , used by Bayer A.G. and by Mobay Chem. Co. for large scale production of hydrazine, the intermediacy of an oxaziridine could be clearly evidenced (81MI50800). In this process ammonia and hypochlorite are reacted in the presence of acetone to form ketazine (302). Nitrogen-nitrogen bond formation is faster by a factor of about 1000 in the presence of acetone than in its absence. Thus acetone does not merely trap hydrazine after formation, but participates in the N —N bond forming reaction. Very fast formation of oxaziridine (301), which is isolable, is followed by its likewise fast reaction with ammonia. 

Nickel peroxide is a solid, insoluble oxidant prepared by reaction of nickel (II) salts with hypochlorite or ozone in aqueous alkaline solution. This reagent when used in nonpolar medium is similar to, but more reactive than, activated manganese dioxide in selectively oxidizing allylic or acetylenic alcohols. It also reacts rapidly with amines, phenols, hydrazones and sulfides so that selective oxidation of allylic alcohols in the presence of these functionalities may not be possible. In basic media the oxidizing power of nickel peroxide is increased and saturated primary alcohols can be oxidized directly to carboxylic acids. In the presence of ammonia at —20°, primary allylic alcohols give amides while at elevated temperatures nitriles are formed. At elevated temperatures efficient cleavage of a-glycols, a-ketols... 

When position 4 of perfluoropyridine is blocked with a poor leaving group, ammonia replaces the fluonne in position 2 in good yield. Oxidation of the products obtained with hypochlorite, followed by lodme-catalyzed rearrangement, yields interesting fluorodienes [78] (equation 41) Ultraviolet irradiation can be used to assist reactions m which substitution is difficult [79]... 

Nitrogen cannot have an oxidation number lower than —3, which means that when NH3 takes part in a redox reaction, it always acts as a reducing agent. Ammonia may be oxidized to elementary nitrogen or to a compound of nitrogen. An important redox reaction of ammonia is that with hypochlorite ion ... 

The solvent-free material, isolated at — 70°C, disproportionates violently (sometimes explosively) at — 50°C to ammonium chloride and nitrogen trichloride [1]. Ethereal solutions of chloramine are readily handled [2], In the preparation of chloramine by reaction of sodium hypochlorite with ammonia, care is necessary to avoid excess chlorine in the preparation of the hypochlorite from sodium hydroxide, because nitrogen trichloride may be formed in the subsequent reaction with ammonia [3]. 

Hydrazine may he produced by several methods. The most common commercial process is the Raschig process, involving partial oxidation of ammonia or urea with hypochlorite. Other oxidizing agents, such as chlorine or hydrogen peroxide may he used instead of hypochlorite. The reaction steps are as follows. 

Hydrazine sulfate may be synthesized from aqueous ammonia and sodium hypochlorite solution in a two-step process. In the first stage, aqueous solution of ammonia is boiled with a normal solution of sodium hypochlorite in the presence of 10% gelatin solution to yield hydrazine. In the second stage, the hydrazine solution is ice-cooled followed by slow addition of concentrated sulfuric acid (Adams, R., and B.K. Brown. 1964. In Organic Synthesis, Collective Volume I, ed. H. Gilman and A. H. Blatt, 2nd ed. pp 309-310, New York John Wiley Sons). The reaction steps are as follows ... 

C. Ammonia can be determined spectrophotometrically by reaction with phenol in the presence of hypochlorite (OC1) ... 

Reaction of ammonia with hypochlorite (to form chloramine, NH Cl) is a second-orderprocess ° jinvolvingeitherreaction of NH4 -l-OCl" or NH3-fHOCl it certainly does not involve NH3-I-OC1". Assuming the non-ionic mechanism, the rate coefficient at 25 °C, in 1 M sodium hydroxide sulution, is 6.2 x 10 1. mole" sec and the activation energy 2.5 kcal.mole" ... 

Some of the reactions of coordinated donor atoms are quite unexpected. Thus, coordinated thiol will react with alkyl bromides to form sulfonium salts. Here, there are lone pairs on the donor atom in addition to the one involved in forming the coordinate bond. Their qualitative reactivity is hardly affected by coordination. Ammonia which has been coordinated to platinum (IV) will form iV-chloro derivatives when treated with hypochlorite. This reaction involves an N-H bond rather than the lone pair. Coordinated PCI3 will undergo hydrolysis to give coordinated P(0H)3, a reaction which involves the P-Cl bonds rather than the lone pair. 

Ammonia has been measured by using phenol and hypochlorite to form 4-(4-oxocyclohexadienylimino)phenol (indophenol) (15). Ruzicka and Hansen (15) also discussed a sensitive method that uses a gas-diffusion cell to transfer ammonia from the sample stream to an acid-base indicator stream. Urea can be determined as ammonia after reaction with urease... 

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