Reaction summaries

26 Write a structural formula for each of the following compounds  

29 Explain why each of the following names is unsatisfactory, and give a correct name  

30 Members of the fungus-like genus Phytophthora are responsible for many crop diseases that threaten plants around the world. Sexual reproduction for this genus is modulated by a mating hormone, shown below  

31 The odor of a human s armpit is due to a number of molecules, including some sulfur-containing compounds. Indeed, the major component in the odor of sweat is (S)-3-methyl-3-mercapto-l-hexanol. Draw the structure of this thiol. 

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Strategy III Reversal of Polarity, Cyclisation Reactions, Summary of Strategy... 

Summary of Key Reactions Summary of Addition Reactions of Alkenes... 

Scheme 1. Am1de/Blocked Aldehyde Reaction Summary...

The dependence of transformation rate on pH is not always consistent among pesticides within the same chemical class. For example, while the hydrolysis reactions of most OP (Konrad and Chesters, 1969 Konrad et al., 1969 Mabey and Mill, 1978) and carbamate insecticides (Wolfe et al., 1978) are primarily base-catalyzed, both diazinon (Konrad et al., 1967) and carbosulfan (Wei et al., 2000) are also subject to the acid-catalyzed reaction. Summaries of the pH dependence of hydrolysis rates for a variety of pesticides have been provided by Mabey and Mill (1978), Bollag (1982), Schwarzenbach et al. (1993), and Barb ash and Resek (1996). 

To facilitate this approach, we created a "reaction summary form" which was designed to assist the chemist and the coder in focusing on those aspects of a reaction which are important for transform writing. European companies running SECS have independently developed a similar form.feZ) To further clarify the type of information required, a seminar was given on how to fill out the form - using an example of a reaction which had been written up as a transform. At the seminar a request was made for volunteers and 19 chemists agreed to participate. 

We first write the balanced equation for the acid-base reaction and then construct the reaction summary that shows the amounts (moles) of HCl and NaOH. We determine the amount of salt formed from the reaction summary. The final (total) volume is the sum of the volumes mixed. Then we calculate the molarity of the salt. 

We proceed as we did in Example 11-1. This reaction summary shows that NaOH is the limiting reactant and that we have excess HCl. 

To simplify the notation, we denote the weak acid as HA and its anion as A . The reaction summary used here to analyze the extent of reaction was introduced in Chapter 11. 

Suppose 0.400 mole of SO2 and 0.200 mole of O2 are injected into a closed 1.00-liter container. When equilibrium is established (at time t, mole of SO3 has formed and that 0.344 mole of SO2 and 0.172 mole of O2 acted. The reaction does not go to completion. These changes are summarized in the following reaction summary, using molarity units rather than moles. (They are numerically identical here because the volume of the reaction vessel is 1.00 liter.) The net reaction is represented by the changes in concentrations. 

A setup such as this is called a reaction summary. The ratio in the change due to rxn hne is determined by the coefficients in the balanced equation. 

We express all concentrations in moles per liter. The mole ratio from the balanced chemical equation allows us to find the changes in concentrations of the other substances in the reaction. We use the reaction summary to find the equihbrium concentrations to use in the... 

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